Citrus Leaf Volatiles as Affected by Developmental Stage and Genetic Type

Azam, Muhammad; Jiang, Qian; Zhang, Bo; Xu, Changjie; Chen, Kunsong

doi:10.3390/ijms140917744

Cited by 55 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Seven volatiles, linalool, limonene, β-pinene, γ-terpinene, β-elemene, α-citral and β-citral, were present as the top ten volatile in leaves and flowers at all stages, especially, linalool and limonene, in the top five in all samples analyzed (Tables 3–5) [21]. On the other hand, some striking differences were also observed between leaf and flower volatiles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Flower Volatiles from Nine Citrus at Three Blooming Stages

Azam

Song

Fan

et al. 2013

IJMS

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Volatiles from flowers at three blooming stages of nine citrus cultivars were analyzed by headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME)-GC-MS. Up to 110 volatiles were detected, with 42 tentatively identified from citrus flowers for the first time. Highest amounts of volatiles were present in fully opened flowers of most citrus, except for pomelos. All cultivars were characterized by a high percentage of either oxygenated monoterpenes or monoterpene hydrocarbons, and the presence of a high percentage of nitrogen containing compounds was also observed. Flower volatiles varied qualitatively and quantitatively among citrus types during blooming. Limonene was the most abundant flower volatile only in citrons; α-citral and β-citral ranked 2nd and 3rd only for Bergamot, and unopened flowers of Ponkan had a higher amount of linalool and β-pinene while much lower amount of γ-terpinene and p-cymene than Satsuma. Taking the average of all cultivars, linalool and limonene were the top two volatiles for all blooming stages; β-pinene ranked 3rd in unopened flowers, while indole ranked 3rd for half opened and fully opened flower volatiles. As flowers bloomed, methyl anthranilate increased while 2-hexenal and p-cymene decreased. In some cases, a volatile could be high in both unopened and fully opened flowers but low in half opened ones. Through multivariate analysis, the nine citrus cultivars were clustered into three groups, consistent with the three true citrus types. Furthermore, an influence of blooming stages on clustering was observed, especially with hybrids Satsuma and Huyou. Altogether, it was suggested that flower volatiles can be suitable markers for revealing the genetic relationships between citrus cultivars but the same blooming stage needs to be strictly controlled.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Flower Volatiles from Nine Citrus at Three Blooming Stages

Azam

Song

Fan

et al. 2013

IJMS

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“…GC-MS analysis was performed according to Azam et al [28], and the 2-Heptanone was used as internal standard for calculating content of volatiles. All data were expressed as the means ± SD of three replicates and used for multivariate analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf Volatile Compounds and Associated Gene Expression during Short-Term Nitrogen Deficient Treatments in Cucumis Seedlings

Zhang

et al. 2016

IJMS

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Nitrogen (N) is an important macronutrient for plant growth and development, but the regulatory mechanism of volatile compounds in response to N deficiency is not well understood, especially in cucumber, which consumes excessive N during growth. In this study, the major volatile compounds from cucumber leaves subjected to N deficiency were analyzed by GC-MS. A total of 24 volatile components were identified including 15 aldehydes, two ketones, two alkenes, and five other volatile compounds in 9930 leaves. Principal component analysis using volatile compounds from cucumber leaves provided good separation between N-sufficient and N-deficient treatments. The main volatiles in cucumber leaves were found to be C6 and C9 aldehydes, especially (E)-2-hexanal and (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal. (E)-2-hexanal belonged to the C6 aldehyde and was the most abundant compound, whereas (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal was the chief component of C9 aldehydes. During N-deficient treatment, short-chain volatile content was significantly improved at 5 day, other volatiles displayed significant reduction or no significantly changes in all sampling points. Improvement of short-chain volatiles was confirmed in the six other inbred lines at 5 day after N-deficient treatments. The expression analysis of 12 cucumber LOX genes and two HPL genes revealed that CsLOX19, CsLOX20, and CsLOX22 had common up-regulated expression patterns in response to N-deficient stress in most inbred lines; meanwhile, most sample points of CsHPL1 also had significant up-regulated expression patterns. This research focused on the relationship between volatiles in cucumber and different nitrogen environments to provide valuable insight into the effect of cultivation and management of the quality of cucumber and contributes to further research on volatile metabolism in cucumber.

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“…(Schmidt and Wei ; Boussaada and Chemli ; Bedair and Summer ; Azam et al . ) This latter metabolite profiling approach is known as metabolomics (Farag et al . ; Strehmel et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

C itrus monstruosa Discrimination among Several C itrus Species by Multivariate Analysis of Volatiles: A Metabolomic Approach

Petretto

Sarais

Maldini

et al. 2015

Journal of Food Processing and Preservation

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The origin and taxonomy of Citrus monstruosa (Rutaceae) are currently unknown and thus a nontargeted metabolomic analysis on the flavedo volatiles was performed. Headspace solid-phase micro extraction coupled with gas chromatography analysis was applied to eight Citrus spp. including Citrus monstruosa, and the chemical composition of the volatile organic compounds (VOC) was analyzed to give a chemical comparison between different Citrus species. Forty-four metabolites were detected across the species: several monoterpenes were found in all Citrus spp. and among them limonene comes first in all Citrus spp. ranging from 96.7 to 66.7%. Conversely, some molecules were found to be specific for only a few of the samples. The classical univariate evaluation of the VOC data is unlikely to give objective data for the cultivar classification; a multivariate approach, principal component analysis, is an easy to use, powerful tool. Therefore, a chemometric comparison between chromatographic data of all Citrus spp. was performed with the aim of understanding the role of VOC in the discrimination of the eight studied cultivars.

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Citrus Leaf Volatiles as Affected by Developmental Stage and Genetic Type

Cited by 55 publications

References 49 publications

Comparative Analysis of Flower Volatiles from Nine Citrus at Three Blooming Stages

Comparative Analysis of Flower Volatiles from Nine Citrus at Three Blooming Stages

Leaf Volatile Compounds and Associated Gene Expression during Short-Term Nitrogen Deficient Treatments in Cucumis Seedlings

C itrus monstruosa Discrimination among Several C itrus Species by Multivariate Analysis of Volatiles: A Metabolomic Approach

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