Citrus and Winery Wastes: Promising Dietary Supplements for Sustainable Ruminant Animal Nutrition, Health, Production, and Meat Quality

Abstract

Citrus and grapes are the most widely grown fruits globally, with one-third of total production used for juice and wine making. The juice and winemaking processes generate large quantities of solid organic wastes including citrus pulp and grape pomace. These fruit wastes pose serious economic, environmental, and social challenges, especially in low-to-middle-income countries due to financial, technological, and infrastructural limitations. They are, however, rich in valuable compounds which can be utilized in the ruminant livestock industry as novel, economical, and natural sources of cellulose, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and phytochemicals, which have nutritional, anthelmintic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Despite citrus and grape fruit wastes having such potential, they remain underexploited by the livestock industry in low-to-middle-income countries owing to lack of finance, skills, technology, and infrastructure. Inclusion of these fruit wastes in ruminant diets could combine the desirable effects of enhancing animal nutrition, health, welfare, production, and meat quality attributes with the prevention of challenges associated with their disposal into the environment. The current review explores the valorization potential of citrus and winery wastes as dietary supplements to sustainably enhance ruminant animal nutrition, health, welfare, production, and meat quality.

WITHDRAWN: Supplementation With Purple Corn Anthocyanin Improves Growth Performance, Meat Quality, Muscle Antioxidant Status and Unsaturated Fatty Acid Profiles in Growing Goat

“…Anthocyanin may decrease DMI because its astringent property, negatively effecting on the growth performance of ruminants [21]. Our ndings indicated that the consumption of PCP did not side effect on DMI and growth performance in goats, suggesting that anthocyanin had no side effects on production performance.…”

Strategies for Sustainable Use of Indigenous Cattle Genetic Resources in Southern Africa

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Tuning of Proanthocyanidin Extract’s Composition through Quaternary Eutectic Solvents Extraction

“…Grape pomace in particular, is a by-product of wine production which has been the subject of several dedicated reviews that explored its potential as a source of antimicrobial agents [ 27 ], human health promoter [ 28 ] and animal nutrition [ 29 ] in part due to its high PACs content.…”