2002
DOI: 10.1007/s00240-002-0272-3
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Citric acid or citrates in urine: which should we focus on in the prevention of calcium oxalate crystals and stones?

Abstract: In order to distinguish between normocitraturia and hypocitraturia, the 24 h urine excretion value of citric acid is evaluated in relation to the established limit value of 2.5 mmol/day. We propose changing this widely-used excretion value to a "minimum contribution" of citric acid to the total urine's ionic strength, since the inhibitory effect of citric acid on crystallization depends on citrate anions being available to complex calcium ions or to associate with the crystal surface. A total of 71424 h-urine … Show more

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Cited by 11 publications
(4 citation statements)
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“…Furthermore, citrate fixes the inhibitory properties of Tamm-Horsfall protein 28 . Citrate and Tamm-Horsfall protein are related to inhibition of calcium oxalate agglomeration 29 . An increase in urine pH is due to metabolism of citrate into bicarbonate 13 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, citrate fixes the inhibitory properties of Tamm-Horsfall protein 28 . Citrate and Tamm-Horsfall protein are related to inhibition of calcium oxalate agglomeration 29 . An increase in urine pH is due to metabolism of citrate into bicarbonate 13 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, alkalinizing the urine too much may increase the risk of calcium phosphate crystal formation [24]. Additionally, at high urinary pH, the fraction of triple-negatively charged citrate increases, thereby increasing the overall inhibitory effect of citrate as more calcium ions can be bound [25]. …”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Еще одной отличительной чертой спектра мочи здорового человека является достаточно интенсивный, характерный сигнал цитрата -двойной дублет, с центрами при 2,72 и 2,56 мд. Цитрат в мочевыделительной системе человека выполняет, в основном защитную функцию, препятствуя образованию и росту нерастворимых кристаллов оксалата кальция и формированию камней [10]. У здоровых людей отсутствуют в спектре сигналы ацетата и лактата, присутствующие в других биологических жидкостях.…”
Section: рисунокunclassified