Citric Acid Chemistry

Apelblat, Alexander

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-11233-6_4

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 477 publications

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“…Citric acidm onohydrate (CAM), [20] in the form of crystalline powderu sed as received, wase mployed as the precursor to preparef luorescent C-dots. CAM wasr eacted under stirring in an open vessel with as ilicon oil bath at at emperature of 180 8C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Dots from Citric Acid and its Intermediates Formed by Thermal Decomposition

Ludmerczki

Mura

Carbonaro

et al. 2019

Chemistry A European J

110

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Thermal decomposition of citric acid is one of the most common synthesis methods for fluorescent carbon dots; the reaction pathway is, however, quite complex and the details are still far from being understood. For instance, several intermediates form during the process and they also give rise to fluorescent species. In the present work, the formation of fluorescent C‐dots from citric acid has been studied as a function of reaction time by coupling infrared analysis, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC/MS) with the change of the optical properties, absorption and emission. The reaction intermediates, which have been identified at different stages, produce two main emissive species, in the green and blue, as also indicated by the decay time analysis. C‐dots formed from the intermediates have also been synthesised by thermal decomposition, which gave an emission maximum around 450 nm. The citric acid C‐dots in water show short temporal stability, but their functionalisation with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane reduces the quenching. The understanding of the citric acid thermal decomposition reaction is expected to improve the control and reproducibility of C‐dots synthesis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Dots from Citric Acid and its Intermediates Formed by Thermal Decomposition

Ludmerczki

Mura

Carbonaro

et al. 2019

Chemistry A European J

110

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“…Citric acid (CA) is an organic acid with the formula C 6 H 8 O 7 , as shown in Figure 1. Owing to the fact that the anion can be stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen-bonding from other protic groups on CA, CA is a slightly stronger acid than typical carboxylic acids [1]. CA is also called different names, such as 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, β-hydroxytricarballyic acid, 3-carboxy-3-hydroxypentanedioic acid, and 3-carboxy-3-hydroxypentane-1,5-dioic acid [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The melting point of CA is 156 °C. At 175 °C, CA starts to decompose through the loss of carbon dioxide and water [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review on Citric Acid as Green Modifying Agent and Binder for Wood

et al. 2020

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Citric acid (CA) can be found naturally in fruits and vegetables, particularly citrus fruit. CA is widely used in many fields but its usage as a green modifying agent and binder for wood is barely addressed. Esterification is one of the most common chemical reactions applied in wood modification. CA contains three carboxyl groups, making it possible to attain at least two esterification reactions that are required for crosslinking when reacting with the hydroxyl groups of the cell wall polymers. In addition, the reaction could form ester linkages to bring adhesivity and good bonding characteristics, and therefore CA could be used as wood binder too. This paper presents a review concerning the usage of CA as a wood modifying agent and binder. For wood modification, the reaction mechanism between wood and CA and the pros and cons of using CA are discussed. CA and its combination with various reactants and their respective optimum parameters are also compiled in this paper. As for the major wood bonding component, the bonding mechanism and types of wood composites bonded with CA are presented. The best working conditions for the CA in the fabrication of wood-based panels are discussed. In addition, the environmental impacts and future outlook of CA-treated wood and bonded composite are also considered.

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“…s8 ). t e over 153 °C does not form pores by melting the citric acid crystals 20 . Therefore, the present research controls t e on 60, 70, 120,130, 140, and 150 °C for the present porous PDMS layer fabrication (Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable porous PDMS layer of high moisture permeability for skin trouble reduction

Yoon

Seok

Kim

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The present research proposes the present porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer for the skin trouble reduced daily life skin attachable devices. The present research proposes the new pores forming method in the PDMS by crystallization and dissolution of the citric acid in the PDMS for fabricating high uniform and small size pores. The present porous PDMS layer (i) decreases the pore size 93.2%p and increases the pore size uniformity 425%p compared to the conventional porous PDMS layer of mixing sugars and PDMS; (ii) is able to be fabricated in the thickness of 21–101 µm by spin-coating; (iii) has the 2.2 times higher water vapor transmission rate (947 ± 10.8 g/day•m2) compared to the human skin water vapor transmission rate. The present porous PDMS layer reduces the skin trouble effectively by having the high water vapor permeability, therefore is applicable to the human daily-life skin attachable devices.

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Citric Acid Chemistry

Cited by 17 publications

References 477 publications

Carbon Dots from Citric Acid and its Intermediates Formed by Thermal Decomposition

Carbon Dots from Citric Acid and its Intermediates Formed by Thermal Decomposition

A Review on Citric Acid as Green Modifying Agent and Binder for Wood

Wearable porous PDMS layer of high moisture permeability for skin trouble reduction

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