Citric Acid Capped Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as an Effective MALDI Matrix for Polymers

Abstract

Abstract. A new matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry matrix is proposed for molecular mass determination of polymers. This matrix contains an iron oxide nanoparticle (NP) core with citric acid (CA) molecules covalently bound to the surface. With the assistance of additives, the particulate nature of NPs allows the matrix to mix uniformly with polar or nonpolar polymer layers and promotes ionization, which may simplify matrix selection and sample preparation procedures. Several distinctively different polymer classes (polyethyleneglycol (PEG), polywax/polyethylene, perfluoropolyether, and polydimethylsiloxane) are effectively detected by the water or methanol dispersed NPCA matrix with NaCl, NaOH, LiOH, or AgNO 3 as additives. Furtheremore, successful quantitative measurements of PEG1000 using polypropylene glycol 1000 as an internal standard are demonstrated.

A novel laser desorption/ionization method using through hole porous alumina membranes

“…To date a number of ionization techniques that belong to SALDI have been proposed,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, ...…”

“…nanoparticles as typical, in treatable forms such as suspension liquids in order to ensure that the photon energies of the laser can act to desorp and ionize analytes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45. Indeed, the soft ionization laser method such as the original form of MALDI also belongs to this category 1.…”

Modifying superparamagnetic iron oxide and silica nanoparticles surfaces for efficient (MA)LDI‐MS analyses of peptides and proteins

“…Although SPIONs are very attractive for biological studies, the use of this type of MNPs as matrix is severely limited due to insolubility in polar solvents. The results of some studies indicated that the SPIONs can be successfully utilized as matrix by changing the hydrophobic shell with water‐soluble ligands such as citric acid (CA) 21–24 …”

Characterization of glycan isomers using magnetic carbon nanoparticles as a MALDI co-matrix

“…In recent years, the importance of nanomaterials as outstanding MALDI matrices has become increasingly evident due to their unique physicochemical characteristics, such as excellent optical absorption, exceptional electrical properties, and low background interference 50–57. Among these materials, carbon-based nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes,58 carbon nanodots,59,60 carbon nanoparticles (CNPs),50,61 and graphene nanosheets (GNs)50,62,63 have attracted the most attention.…”

“…49 In recent years, the importance of nanomaterials as outstanding MALDI matrices has become increasingly evident due to their unique physicochemical characteristics, such as excellent optical absorption, exceptional electrical properties, and low background interference. [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57] Among these materials, carbon-based nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, 58 carbon nanodots, 59,60 carbon nanoparticles (CNPs), 50,61 and graphene nanosheets (GNs) 50,62,63 have attracted the most attention. Compared to traditional organic matrices, these nanomaterials facilitate the desorption process and enhance MS signal intensity due to their superior interaction with biomolecules and efficient energy absorption.…”