Citizens without Rights

Chesterman, John; Galligan, Brian

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511518249

Cited by 270 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…The deliberate transformation of Indigenous Australia from independent and self-determining peoples into passive recipients of government handouts has had several negative consequences that continue to impact on race relations in contemporary Australia. 10 …”

Section: Historical Context: Race Relations In Australiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Race relations, Indigenous Australia and the social impact of professional Australian football

Hallinan

Judd

2009

Sport in Society

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We consider how Indigenous athletes have become symbols of what is perceived by white Australia to be progressive race relations. In particular, the men's professional sports of Australian football and Rugby League draw the most heavily mediated attention as well as significant numbers of Indigenous players. We draw upon the narratives of key advocates of Indigenous participation and performance in professional Australian football: journalists and recruiting managers. The emergent theme of white privilege is used to examine how their advocacy of Indigenous performance masks shortcomings in access and opportunity beyond playing roles. We conclude with the idea that race relations progress fulfils the needs of white Australia but fails to sufficiently deliver genuine opportunity for Indigenous Australian participants.

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Section: Historical Context: Race Relations In Australiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Race relations, Indigenous Australia and the social impact of professional Australian football

Hallinan

Judd

2009

Sport in Society

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“…As John Chesterman & Brian Galligan have noted, 'The Board regularly made use of this power, and it did not always wait for parents to die before sending their children to orphanages'. [37] Item after item in the letters and minute books of the Board testify to the intensified struggle of Koorie mothers on and off the stations to keep their children, to visit those who had been removed, and to keep welfare officials at bay. Replies from the Board were increasingly grudging, terse or peremptory.…”

Section: Under the 1886 Actmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colonising motherhood: evangelical social reformers and koorie women in victoria, australia, 1880s to the early 1900s

Grimshaw

1999

Women's History Review

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“…John Chesterman and Brian Galligan point out that the 1897 Queensland Act made only half-castes eligible for exemption certificates, the only way in which Queensland legally distinguished between people of full and mixed descent; the law actually allowed the Queensland minister to decide whether he wanted to treat individual people of mixed descent as Aborigines or not. 69 Darlene Johnson argues that exemption certificates should "be read as a process of codification of identity" and argues that "Ab/original people have learned to play the codes of exemption strategically -a new construction of identity as masquerade, of becoming, as 'passing.'" 70 That exemption certificates were in part a reaction to the national discomfort when Aborigines with white ancestry were treated as unkindly as those of full indigenous descent is demonstrated by the parliamentary discussions of the 1905 Aborigines Act in Western Australia.…”

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confidence: 99%

Strategies of Elimination: “Exempted” Aborigines, “Competent” Indians, and Twentieth-Century Assimilation Policies in Australia and the United States

Ellinghaus¹

2008

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Despite their different politics, populations and histories, there are some striking similarities between the indigenous assimilation policies enacted by the United States and Australia. These parallels reveal much about the harsh practicalities behind the rhetoric of humanitarian uplift, civilization and cultural assimilation that existed in these settler nations. This article compares legislation which provided assimilative pathways to Aborigines and Native Americans whom white officials perceived to be acculturated. Some Aboriginal people were offered certificates of “exemption” which freed them from the legal restrictions on Aboriginal people’s movement, place of abode, ability to purchase alcohol, and other controls. Similarly, Native Americans could be awarded a fee patent which declared them “competent.” This patent discontinued government guardianship over them and allowed them to sell, deed, and pay taxes on their lands. I scrutinize the Board that was sent to Oklahoma to examine the Cheyenne and Arapaho for competency in January and February 1917, and the New South Wales Aborigines’ Welfare Board, which combined the awarding of exemption certificates with their efforts to assimilate Koori people into Australian society in the 1940s and 1950s. These case studies reveal that people of mixed white/indigenous descent were more likely to be declared competent or exempt. Thus, hand in hand with efforts to culturally assimilate Aborigines and Native Americans came attempts to reduce the size of indigenous populations and their landholdings by releasing people of mixed descent from government control, and no longer officially recognizing their indigenous identity.En dépit des différences de leur politique, de leur population et de leur histoire, il existe certaines similitudes frappantes entre les politiques d’assimilation des Autochtones adoptées par les États-Unis et l’Australie. De tels parallèles sont très révélateurs des dures pratiques sous-jacentes à la rhétorique de l’édification humanitaire, de la civilisation et de l’assimilation culturelle dans ces nations pionnières. Cet article compare les lois qui ont fourni des moyens d’assimiler les Aborigènes et les Autochtones américains que les représentants blancs percevaient comme acculturés. Certains Autochtones se sont vu offrir des certificats d’« exemption » qui les libéraient des restrictions légales imposées au mouvement des peuples autochtones, droit de résidence, achat d’alcool, et autres contrôles. De façon semblable, les Autochtones américains pouvaient recevoir des lettres patentes les déclarant « compétents ». Celles-ci interrompaient la tutelle gouvernementale et leur permettaient de vendre, de transférer par acte notarié et de payer des taxes sur leurs terres. L’auteur a analysé à fond le Comité qui a été envoyé à Oklahoma pour examiner la compétence des Cheyenne et des Arapaho en janvier et février 1917, ainsi que le New South Wales Aborigines’ Welfare Board, qui combinait l’attribution des certificats d’exemption à leurs efforts pour assimil...

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Citizens without Rights

Cited by 270 publications

References 0 publications

Race relations, Indigenous Australia and the social impact of professional Australian football

Race relations, Indigenous Australia and the social impact of professional Australian football

Colonising motherhood: evangelical social reformers and koorie women in victoria, australia, 1880s to the early 1900s

Strategies of Elimination: “Exempted” Aborigines, “Competent” Indians, and Twentieth-Century Assimilation Policies in Australia and the United States

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