“…On islands, the use of eDNA methods will very likely result in better biosecurity effectiveness due to increased early detection rates and improved IAS surveillance (Herder et al, 2014;Tingley et al, 2019). Smart applications for reporting nature observations are used in citizen science projects to detect, monitor and manage alien species (Mannino and Balistreri, 2018;Roy et al, 2018;Johnson et al, 2020) and satellite data are used via remote sensing for alien species mapping and management (Henderson and Dawson, 2009;Robin et al, 2011;Rocchini et al, 2015;Rivas-Torres et al, 2018). On the other hand, e-commerce has resulted in increased alien species introductions and has emerged as a new pathway of introductions that is difficult to manage (Lenda et al, 2014;Humair et al, 2015), which likely explains why the divergence in opinion was higher for the introduction than for the two other stages of invasion.…”