Cities Transformed

Montgomery, Mark R.; Stren, Richard; Cohen, Barney; Reed, Holly E.

doi:10.4324/9781315065700

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…For adults, valid consent protects bodily integrity and patient autonomy and is bolstered by the law of negligence which requires informed consent to protect patient choice for which the patient takes responsibility. 50 For adults the law has moved away from the idea that consent is to protect the clinician from liability and embraced the idea of a patient-centred, autonomy-enhancing process through which the patient takes responsibility for their decision. The reasoning in X affirms the departure from this rationale in relation to children.…”

Section: IVmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confirmation of the High Court’s Power to Override a Child’s Treatment Decision: A NHS Trust v X (In the matter of X (A Child) (No 2)) [2021] EWHC 65 (Fam)

Cave

2021

Medical Law Review

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In A NHS Trust v X the High Court considered and upheld the principle established in Re R and Re W in the 1990s that a child's right to accept or refuse treatment is not absolute. An NHS Trust applied for a 2-year rolling order to authorise 'top up' blood transfusions for X that would last until her 18 th birthday. For religious reasons, Gillick-competent X objected to blood transfusions that would in all likelihood be clinically necessary to treat her sickle cell syndrome. Indeed, on two previous occasions the court had authorised transfusions following urgent applications. Adults with capacity have the right to accept or refuse even life sustaining medical treatment. X argued that by virtue of her competence she should be extended the same right. Sir James Munby, however, upheld the 'conventional wisdom' that the court can overrule a child's competent or capacitous decision, but denied the rolling order as X's welfare in each crisis would be determined on the facts. The case preserves the status quo notwithstanding developments in children's rights. It also clarifies the justificatory rationale and raises new questions.

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Section: IVmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confirmation of the High Court’s Power to Override a Child’s Treatment Decision: A NHS Trust v X (In the matter of X (A Child) (No 2)) [2021] EWHC 65 (Fam)

Cave

2021

Medical Law Review

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“…Second, it is indicative of the current socioeconomic well‐being of populations in large cities and urban areas where fertility is either low or declining at a faster pace than at the national level (Montgomery et al. 2003: Chapter 6). These results represent a response to several pleas to examine demographic and socioeconomic dynamics as interrelated phenomena, and not as exogenous to one another (Johnson‐Hanks et al.…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We identified these patterns in countries with low fertility, that is, in countries where the fertility transition is advanced, and they are potentially even more pronounced in urban areas and large cities where fertility has historically been lower than in rural areas, and socioeconomic inequalities more acute (Montgomery et al. 2003). This result sheds light on an important interaction of demographic change and inequality that has previously been described in theoretical terms and was tested in this paper using a large and diverse sample of countries.…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Income Inequality and Increasing Dispersion of the Transition to First Birth in the Global South

Torres¹,

Batyra²,

Myrskylä³

2022

Population & Development Rev

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The relationship between levels of social and economic inequality and demographic changes remains poorly documented, particularly for fertility. Covering a period from 1986 to 2018, this paper documents a positive country‐level association between income inequality and the dispersion of first birth schedules among women from 88 countries of the Global South. This association is driven by a dual dynamic of the decreasing mean age at first birth among a shrinking group of women who transition to motherhood early, and the increasing mean age at first birth and rising heterogeneity in the timing of childbearing among a group of first birth delayers. We show that this association is strongest in countries where the total fertility rate is below 2.5 children per woman. We argue that differential opportunities for accessing quality education, formal labor markets, and migration are potential drivers of the rising heterogeneity in the ages at which women transition to childbearing. These results highlight the importance of examining societal and demographic processes jointly and clearly indicate that more and better‐quality data on social and economic inequality are needed.

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“…The overall picture arising from the extant literature for each of the four dimensions is one of increasing heterogeneity and lack of convergence both across countries and, within them, by socio‐economic groups and geography (Montgomery et al, 2003). Therefore, analysing these contexts requires a flexible approach, and statistical methods designed for highlighting heterogeneity and multiple correlations among variables.…”

Section: Previous Comparative Studies On Families In Lmicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family change and variation through the lens of family configurations in low‐ and middle‐income countries

Torres

Pesando

Kohler

et al. 2021

Population Space and Place

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Using 254 Demographic and Health Surveys from 75 low‐ and middle‐income countries, this study shows how the joint examination of family characteristics across rural and urban areas provides new insights for understanding global family change. We operationalise this approach by building family configurations: a set of interrelated features that describe different patterns of family formation and structure. These features include partnership (marriage/unions) regimes and their stability, gender relations, household composition and reproduction. Factorial and clustering techniques allow us to summarise these family features into three factorial axes and six discrete family configurations. We provide an in‐depth description of these configurations, their spatial distribution and their changes over time. Global family change is uneven because it emerges from complex interplays between the relative steadiness of longstanding arrangements for forming families and organising gender relations, and the rapidly changing dynamics observed in the realms of fertility, contraception, and timing of family formation.

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Cities Transformed

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Confirmation of the High Court’s Power to Override a Child’s Treatment Decision: A NHS Trust v X (In the matter of X (A Child) (No 2)) [2021] EWHC 65 (Fam)

Confirmation of the High Court’s Power to Override a Child’s Treatment Decision: A NHS Trust v X (In the matter of X (A Child) (No 2)) [2021] EWHC 65 (Fam)

Income Inequality and Increasing Dispersion of the Transition to First Birth in the Global South

Family change and variation through the lens of family configurations in low‐ and middle‐income countries

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