Cities and Conflict in Fragile States in the Developing World

Borderland City in New India

“…Yet in Imphal the booming private education sector is happening in a violent city where the state does not have a monopoly on the control of space, a city that periodically grinds to a halt from bandhs, protests, and blockades. As seen in the early chapters of this book, Imphal resembles a conflict city (see Beall et al, 2013). Such cities are not supposed to have high-tech health facilities and a booming private education sector.…”

Edição completa

“…Uma dessas agendas tem procurado ir além da reflexão sobre as novas guerras, a fim de destacar o que alguns acadêmicos têm chamado de "novíssimas guerras" (MOURA, 2010), "novo urbanismo militar" (GRAHAN, 2010), "guerras urbanas" (BEALL, 2006), "guerras de favelas" (RODGERS, 2009), "cidades frágeis" e "cidades falhadas" (BEALL; GOODFELLOW; RODGERS, 2013;LIOTTA;MISKEL, 2012;MUGGAH, 2014). Essa bibliografia compõe um amplo mosaico de abordagens que, resguardadas as suas particularidades (algumas mais críticas e emancipatórias, outras mais conservadoras e estratégicas), giram em torno de um eixo comum: a intensificação da violência armada e o crescente processo de militarização das grandes metrópoles.…”

Gangs, Guns and the City: Urban Policy in Dangerous Places

“…More recently, there is a sense in which cities are increasingly understood as key sites of violence, as well as of the failure of development and/or political processes, in the contemporary world (Beall, 2006;Beall et al, 2013;Brennan-Galvin, 2002;Davis, 2006;Goldstone, 2002;Rodgers, 2009). The fact that much recent conflict, terrorism, and civil disorder has occurred in cities such as Beirut, Baghdad, Mumbai, and Nairobi, or that the world's highest homicide rates afflict cities in Colombia, Central America, South Africa, or, most recently, Mexico, has become ever more noted, and has clearly added to the ubiquitous notion that cities and violence are intimately related.…”

“…An emerging strand of research has focused on the relation between urbanisation and economic conditions, and more specifically the fact that while living standards may be greater in cities and governance is generally better, in states with low capacity and/or faltering economic growth, the demand for violence may increase as aspirations go unmet and material conditions are put at risk where large numbers of people reside in a bounded environment (e.g. Beall et al, 2013;Cole and Gramajo, 2009;Goldstone, 2002;Urdal, 2012;World Bank, 2010). Three inter-related issues can broadly be said to have focussed most attention in this respect: namely, poverty and inequality; the 'youth bulge'; and the strength of political institutions.…”