Cisgenic plants are similar to traditionally bred plants

Schouten, Henk J.; Krens, Frans A.; Jacobsen, E.

doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400769

Cited by 318 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The legal framework aims to protect human and animal health and the environment by introducing a safety assessment of the highest possible standards at the EU level before any GMO is placed on the market; to put in place harmonized procedures for risk assessment and authorization of GMOs that are efficient, time-limited, and transparent; to ensure clear labeling of GMOs placed on the market in order to enable consumers as well as professionals (e.g., farmers, and food feed chain operators) to make an informed choice; and to ensure the traceability of GMOs placed on the market. However, already 10 years ago Schouten and colleagues [27,78] proposed to exclude cisgenesis from EU regulation of GM products because "cisgenic plants are fundamentally different from transgenic plants", and they should be "handled at the regulatory level like traditionally bred plants". Moreover, "similar hazards can be associated with cisgenesis and conventional bred plants, while novel hazards can be associated with intragenesis and transgenesis" (EFSA Opinion 2012, [79]).…”

Section: Cisgenic Potatoes In Organic Farming: Scientific Legislativmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the genetic elements incorporated derive from individuals that cannot naturally breed, the approach is called transgenesis and produces transgenic plants. If a gene (with its promoter, introns, and terminator) is taken as such from a crossable individual, without introducing any foreign material, the approach is called cisgenesis and develops cisgenic plants [27]. Based on these definitions, even if the gene of interest derives from a crossable species, the use of selectable marker genes, such as bacterial antibiotic resistance genes, necessarily results in a transgenic plant.…”

Section: Not All Gm Potatoes Are Equalmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of Organic Potato Farming on Human and Environmental Health and Benefits from New Plant Breeding Techniques. Is It Only a Matter of Public Acceptance?

Pacifico

Paris

2016

Sustainability

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Organic farming practices are commonly thought to reduce the environmental impact of agriculture and to preserve the naturalness of the products. Herein, we report the effect of crop management practices on nutritional and toxicological value of potato tubers. Comparative studies are often controversial and the results are dependent on genotype and methodological approach. Targeted analysis and "omics" strategies are discussed, pointing at the nutritional aspects and the corresponding biological and molecular processes involved. Organic farming supporters still do not accept the use of genetic modification to produce new varieties suited for organic agriculture and crop improvement by genetic engineering still sparks hot debate among various scientific and social factions whose major concern is the possible existence of unintended effects both on human and world health. In this context, the advent of "new plant breeding techniques" has reignited the discussion on genetic engineering and on the compatibility of the new technologies with an eco-friendly agriculture. Could cisgenic and genome-edited potatoes be new good options for organic agriculture? We discuss how these approaches can be used to address food security challenges and to overcome specific problems based on the biological characteristics of potato tubers, producing new varieties that can improve farmers' profit with a lower impact on public opinion. However, political, ethical, and social fears will probably persist much longer, mainly in Italy, historically a fiercely anti-GM country with a European leadership in organic food production and export.

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Section: Cisgenic Potatoes In Organic Farming: Scientific Legislativmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Not All Gm Potatoes Are Equalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Organic Potato Farming on Human and Environmental Health and Benefits from New Plant Breeding Techniques. Is It Only a Matter of Public Acceptance?

Pacifico

Paris

2016

Sustainability

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“…Plant-derived sequences with similar properties to T-DNA, also known as plant transfer DNAs or P-DNAs, have been identifi ed in several plant species (Rommens et al, 2005). Arguments favoring the use of T-DNA claim that those sequences can be found within plant genomes, and since they are by nature non-coding sequences, they should be safe to use (Schouten et al, 2006a). In this regard, P-DNAs used to replace T-DNA sequences are essentially identical to T-DNA (Rommens et al, 2004;Schouten et al, 2006a).…”

Section: Cisgenesis and Intragenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cisgenesis and Intragenesis: New tools For Improving Crops

Espinoza¹,

Schlechter²,

Herrera³

et al. 2013

Biol. Res.

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Genetically Modifi ed Organisms (GMO) could be the answer for many relevant problems aff ecting crops. However, improving crops through GMO is also often associated with safety concerns, environmental risks and health issues due to the presence of foreign DNA. These limitations have prompted the development of alternative technologies. Recently, cisgenesis and intragenesis have been developed as new tools aimed to modify crops. While cisgenesis involves genetic modifi cation using a complete copy of natural genes with their regulatory elements that belong exclusively to sexually compatible plants, intragenesis refers to the transference of new combinations of genes and regulatory sequences belonging to that particular species. So far, application of cisgenesis and intragenesis as alternatives to conventional transgenesis are limited to a few species, mainly due to the lack of knowledge of the regulatory sequences required. The grape is one of the most cultivated crops worldwide and is the most economically relevant crop in Chile. Its genomic sequence has been completed, making available new sources of information to improve grape traits by genetic manipulation. This review is focused on the current alternatives to transgenesis in plants, including new approaches to develop marker-free crops, their application to economically relevant crops and future perspectives in the area. Also, the identifi cation of grapevine promoters with a wide range of expression profi les is shown. The expression pattern of these genes was analyzed in diff erent tissues and developmental stages, as well as under several stresses and stimuli, giving a broad range of expression patterns, including genes expressed exclusively during ripening, in response to sugars, senescence and biotic stress, among others. Genes with strong and constitutive expression were also identifi ed. Functional analysis using reporter genes has been conducted in order to confi rm the promoter's transcription activity, opening new possibilities for developing cisgenic/intragenic grapevines.

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“…The cisgenesis approach can be useful where the breeding system is difficult or linkage drag carries disadvantagious traits into the progeny, making conventional introgression a long, costly, and possibly ineffective process. Resistance genes have been prominent subjects of cisgenesis experiments (17,26,27,34,42,43).…”

Section: Safety In Greater Taxonomic Distancementioning

confidence: 99%

Not As They Seem

Bruening

2011

Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.

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I recount the early influences that directed me toward a career in research and then describe some efforts investigating Cowpea mosaic virus and the satellite RNA of Tobacco ringspot virus. These descriptions have a common theme of surprise, how things often can be not as they are expected to be. Finally, I examine the widely held belief that a plant transgene derived from a distant taxonomic source presents a greater risk than a transgene derived from a closely related plant and contend that this also is a situation in which things may not be as they initially seem.

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Cisgenic plants are similar to traditionally bred plants

Cited by 318 publications

References 20 publications

Effect of Organic Potato Farming on Human and Environmental Health and Benefits from New Plant Breeding Techniques. Is It Only a Matter of Public Acceptance?

Effect of Organic Potato Farming on Human and Environmental Health and Benefits from New Plant Breeding Techniques. Is It Only a Matter of Public Acceptance?

Cisgenesis and Intragenesis: New tools For Improving Crops

Not As They Seem

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