Cisco diversity in a historical drainage of glacial Lake Algonquin

Bell, Allan H.; Piette‐Lauzière, Gabriel; Turgeon, Jean; Ridgway, Mark S.

doi:10.1139/cjz-2018-0233

Cited by 8 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In general, and as reported by Bell et al (2019), ciscoes caught in benthic nets had more gill rakers than pelagic ciscoes. In general, and as reported by Bell et al (2019), ciscoes caught in benthic nets had more gill rakers than pelagic ciscoes.…”

Section: Ecophenotypic Differentiationsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Gill-raker counts, however, were significantly different among lakes (Figure 4a, F (14, 712) = 39.2, p < .001). As reported by Bell et al (2019), the distribution was bimodal in L. Cedar and Hogan and statistically higher in benthic than pelagic habitat (Tukey, p < .001). As reported by Bell et al (2019), the distribution was bimodal in L. Cedar and Hogan and statistically higher in benthic than pelagic habitat (Tukey, p < .001).…”

Section: Morphologysupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Here, we included the data from Bell et al (2019) for comparison purposes with L. Memesagamesing specimens, which have never been described, and L. Nipigon, the sole extant reference for nigripinnis. A factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to compare the main effects of ecotypes (BEN vs. PEL) and lakes and the interaction between these effects on the gill-raker counts.…”

Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The blackfin populations in APP were recently described by Bell et al (2019) and seem to share several phenotypic characteristics with historical nigripinnis from the Great Lakes (Dymond, 1926, p. 65;Koelz, 1929). Namely, they have black paired fins, black pigment along the dorsal region, and blue iridescence above the lateral line (see Eshenroder et al, 2016;Koelz, 1929).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…BP]; figure 1 in Bell et al, 2019;Harrison, 1972, Larsen, 1987, Karrow, 2004. Fish with such phenotypes have not been sampled in lakes outside of the area historically covered by the Fossmill outlet, a temporary drainage of the proglacial L. Algonquin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution and diversity of two cisco forms in an outlet of glacial Lake Algonquin

Piette‐Lauzière

Bell

Ridgway

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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The diversity of Laurentian Great Lakes ciscoes (Coregonus artedi, sensu lato) arose via repeated local adaptive divergence including deepwater ciscoes that are now extirpated or threatened. The nigripinnis form, or Blackfin Cisco, is extirpated from the Great Lakes and remains only in Lake Nipigon. Putative nigripinnis populations were recently discovered in sympatry with artedi in a historical drainage system of glacial Lake Algonquin, the precursor of lakes Michigan and Huron. Given the apparent convergence on Great Lakes form, we labeled this form blackfin. Here, we test the hypothesis that nigripinnis may have colonized this area from the Great Lakes as a distinct lineage. It would then represent a relict occurrence of the historical diversity of Great Lakes ciscoes. Alternatively, blackfin could have evolved in situ in several lakes. We captured more than 600 individuals in the benthic or pelagic habitat in 14 lakes in or near Algonquin Provincial Park (Ontario, Canada). Fish were compared based on habitat, morphology, and genetic variation at 6,676 SNPs. Contrary to our expectations, both cisco and blackfin belonged to an Atlantic lineage that colonized the area from the east, not from the Great Lakes. Sympatric cisco and blackfin were closely related while fish from different lakes were genetically differentiated, strongly suggesting the repeated in situ origin of each form. Across lakes, there was a continuum of ecological, morphological, and genetic differentiation that could be associated with alternative resources and lake characteristics. This study uncovers a new component of cisco diversity in inland lakes of Canada that evolved independently from ciscoes of the Laurentian Great lakes. The diversity of cisco revealed in this study and across their Canadian range presents a challenge for designating conservation units at the intraspecific level within the framework of the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC).

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Section: Ecophenotypic Differentiationsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Morphologysupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Evolution and diversity of two cisco forms in an outlet of glacial Lake Algonquin

Piette‐Lauzière

Bell

Ridgway

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Isotopic niche size of Coregonus artedi (sensu lato) Increases in the presence of Mysis diluviana, expanded habitat use and phenotypic diversity

Ridgway

Piette‐Lauzière

Bell

et al. 2020

Ecology and Evolution

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Post‐glacial colonization of lakes in Algonquin Park, Ontario, Canada resulted in food webs with cisco ( Coregonus artedi sensu lato) and either Mysis diluviana or Chaoborus spp. as the dominant diel migrator. Mysis as prey, its diel movements and benthic occupancy, are hypothesized to be key elements of ecological opportunity for cisco diversity in the Laurentian Great Lakes. If correct, the hypothesis strongly implies that lakes with Mysis would have greater trophic niche size and drive greater adaptive radiation of cisco forms relative to lakes without Mysis . The dichotomy in diel migrator in Algonquin Park lakes was an opportunity to assess the isotopic niche size of cisco (δ 15 N and δ 13 C) and determine if niche size expands with Mysis presence. We found the presence of Mysis is necessary to expand isotopic niche size in our study lakes. The use of habitats not typically associated with the ancestral form of cisco (e.g., benthic habitats) and phenotypic diversity (blackfin and cisco) also continue to expand niche size in Mysis ‐based food webs. Partial ecological speciation based on a large niche space appears to be present in one lake (Cauchon Lake) where use of alternative habitats is the only real difference in cisco. The presence of blackfin expands niche space in Cedar and Radiant Lakes. This was not matched in Hogan Lake where niche space was relatively smaller with similar forms. Possible reasons for this discrepancy may be related to the asymmetric basin of Hogan Lake and whether the two forms overlap during cool and cold‐water periods of the annual temperature cycle. By comparing trophic niche size among lakes with and without Mysis, we conclude that Mysis provides a key ecological opportunity for cisco diversity in our study lakes and likely more widely.

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Speciation in Cisco with Emphasis on Secondary Contacts, Plasticity, and Hybridization

Eshenroder

Jacobson

2020

Trans Am Fish Soc

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The Cisco Coregonus artedi is a planktivorous fish that is widely distributed in lakes across glaciated areas of North America. With retreat of Laurentide ice, Cisco dispersed from refugia into a vast network of meltwater (proglacial) lakes that eventually receded, stranding populations in depressions-today's lakes. Refugial populations also colonized lakes that fell outside of the footprint of a proglacial lake. These two types of Cisco lakes, those inside the footprint of a proglacial lake and those outside the footprint, though uncounted, number in the high hundreds or more. All 53 lakes reported to contain sympatric forms of Cisco occur in previously inundated lakes; no sympatric forms occur in lakes that were not inundated. We reviewed Laurentide zoogeography to assess whether secondary contacts in the proglacial lakes were extensive enough to account for the distribution of sympatric lakes. We concluded that secondary contacts had been more extensive in the proglacial lakes than detected in genetic studies of Cisco. We inferred that secondary contacts in the proglacial lakes resulted in more plastic, diverse phenotypes than were found in lakes not inundated and that these phenotypes were more capable of divergence than were phenotypes inhabiting lakes not inundated. Secondary contacts in the proglacial lakes appear to have been limited to shallow-water forms of Cisco. Deepwater forms likely did not evolve until after the proglacial lakes receded, as meltwater appears to have been trophically unsuitable for pelagic fishes like Cisco. Cisco are assumed to have colonized meltwater lakes by "hopscotching" between inlets, thereby avoiding prolonged existence in meltwater. Sympatric populations of Cisco are rare in comparison with the number of allopatric populations, even in inundated lakes, indicating that divergence occurs under specialized conditions. Canalization appears to have diminished the evolvability of contemporary forms as compared to their ancestors. Hybridization within Cisco species pairs appears to be the norm and is aggravated by anthropogenically induced events.

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Cisco diversity in a historical drainage of glacial Lake Algonquin

Cited by 8 publications

References 41 publications

Evolution and diversity of two cisco forms in an outlet of glacial Lake Algonquin

Evolution and diversity of two cisco forms in an outlet of glacial Lake Algonquin

Isotopic niche size of Coregonus artedi (sensu lato) Increases in the presence of Mysis diluviana, expanded habitat use and phenotypic diversity

Speciation in Cisco with Emphasis on Secondary Contacts, Plasticity, and Hybridization

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