Cis–Trans Isomerase of Unsaturated Fatty Acids: An Immediate Bacterial Adaptive Mechanism to Cope with Emerging Membrane Perturbation Caused by Toxic Hydrocarbons

Heipieper, Hermann J.; Fischer, Janett; Meinhardt, Friedhelm

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20796-4_49-1

Cited by 7 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Despite the inconsistent data on the production of cis-9 18:1 from ALA in cow digesta (Lee and Jenkins, 2011;Honkanen et al, 2016), our results would support this pathway in sheep, albeit 13 C-labeled cis-9 18:1 represented only 5.6 ± 0.67 and 3.3 ± 0.24% of 12 C-cis-9 18:1 in control and FO-MFD incubations, respectively (data not shown). High UFA contents in the ruminal environment can be toxic for microorganisms and stimulate the cis to trans isomerization as a protection mechanism (Jenkins et al, 2008;Heipieper et al, 2010). This response would be in line with a replacement of cis intermediates by trans FA in FO-MFD incubations, such as trans-7 and trans-9 18:1, 2 major products of cis-9 18:1 metabolism .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

In vitro biohydrogenation of 13C-labeled α-linolenic acid in response to ruminal alterations associated with diet-induced milk fat depression in ewes

Toral

Hervás

Frutos

2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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The basis for marine lipid-induced milk fat depression (MFD) has not been established yet, but recent reports suggest the putative contribution of shifts in the ruminal metabolism of α-linolenic acid (ALA). To test this hypothesis, an isotopic tracer approach was used in batch cultures of rumen microorganisms with inoculum collected from cannulated ewes fed either a total mixed ration without lipid supplementation (control inoculum) or the same diet supplemented with 2% of fish oil, which is known to cause MFD in lactating sheep (FO-MFD inoculum). The [1-13 C]ALA was added at a dose of 1% of incubated dry matter and the proportions of 13 C-labeled fatty acids (FA) were examined after 24 h of incubation, using complementary gas chromatography and gas chromatography-combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) analyses. Expected differences in FA profiles were confirmed between control and FO-MFD inocula (e.g., large decreases in 18:0 and increases in most 18:1 and 18:2 intermediates, particularly trans isomers, to fish oil supply). The biohydrogenation of 13 ALA was extensive and yielded multiple metabolites, with a total of 48 chromatographic peaks showing 13 C enrichment, regardless of the inoculum type. However, although ALA was biohydrogenated through common pathways under standard or MFD conditions, large changes in the accumulation of 13 C-labeled FA suggest important differences in the relative contribution of each specific route. First, increased accumulation of trans-11-containing FA in FO-MFD incubations was accompanied by a general repression of the trans-13/14 pathway (supported by lower trans-13+14 18:1 or trans-11,trans-13 18:2 proportions), together with a lower production of cis FA (e.g., cis-9, -12, and -15 18:1 and some cis,cis 18:2). Results also downplayed the relevance of the trans-11 to trans-10 shift as an effective marker of diet-induced MFD in sheep, and challenged the involvement of some trans-10 intermediates (e.g., trans-10 18:1 and trans-10,cis-15 18:2) in the low-fat milk syndrome in this species. Conversely, increased abundance of most 18:3 intermediates (including some unidentified isomers) might be representative of ruminal alterations related to fish oil supplementation in ewes. Further research is necessary to examine the potential association between these findings and MFD in lactating animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

In vitro biohydrogenation of 13C-labeled α-linolenic acid in response to ruminal alterations associated with diet-induced milk fat depression in ewes

Toral

Hervás

Frutos

2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Certain bacterial species belonging to the genera Pseudomonas and Vibrio possess an alternative adaptive mechanism when growth is inhibited: they are able to isomerize unsaturated FA from cis to trans configuration of the double bond without a shift in its position [ 89 , 90 , 91 ]. In Vibrio sp.…”

Section: Fatty Acids As Modulators Of Membrane Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Pseudomonas , this short-term response results in a denser membrane packing and gives time to the cells for de novo biosynthesis of membrane components necessary for a better and broader adaptation [ 92 ]. Synthesis of trans FA completes within 30 min following exposure to the stress by direct isomerization of the cis isomer, without changes in the position of the double bond [ 89 , 90 ]. In P. putida Idaho exposed to xylene, trans -unsaturated FA were observed after 5 min and maximum amount was observed after 30 min whilst the increase in saturated FA was observed 15 min after exposure to xylene, with maximum content being reached after 2 h [ 93 ].…”

Section: Fatty Acids As Modulators Of Membrane Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DHA is the predominant FA found at the sn-2 position in the phospholipids of neuronal and synaptic membranes [ 197 ]. In vertebrates, DHA acts as a neurotrophic factor [ 90 ], modulates synaptic activity [ 198 ] and is involved in anti-inflammatory signalling ([ 199 , 200 , 201 ], see below). A diet rich in ω3 has since long been connected with maintaining cardiac and vascular health and preventing atherosclerosis [ 202 , 203 , 204 ].…”

Section: The Roles Of Pufamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Various Roles of Fatty Acids

2018

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Lipids comprise a large group of chemically heterogeneous compounds. The majority have fatty acids (FA) as part of their structure, making these compounds suitable tools to examine processes raging from cellular to macroscopic levels of organization. Among the multiple roles of FA, they have structural functions as constituents of phospholipids which are the “building blocks” of cell membranes; as part of neutral lipids FA serve as storage materials in cells; and FA derivatives are involved in cell signalling. Studies on FA and their metabolism are important in numerous research fields, including biology, bacteriology, ecology, human nutrition and health. Specific FA and their ratios in cellular membranes may be used as biomarkers to enable the identification of organisms, to study adaptation of bacterial cells to toxic compounds and environmental conditions and to disclose food web connections. In this review, we discuss the various roles of FA in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and highlight the application of FA analysis to elucidate ecological mechanisms. We briefly describe FA synthesis; analyse the role of FA as modulators of cell membrane properties and FA ability to store and supply energy to cells; and inspect the role of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) and the suitability of using FA as biomarkers of organisms.

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“…Alterations in the overall degree of fatty acid saturation or in the cis-trans isomerization of unsaturated fatty acids directly depends on toxicity and concentration of organic solvent. Synthesis of trans-fatty acids comes about by direct isomerization of the respective cis-configuration of the double bond without shifting the position [234,[238][239][240][241]. Addition of toluene caused a rapid increase in the ratio of trans-unsaturated fatty acids by ~10 folds in P. putida membrane, immediately within 5 min and resulted in increased membrane rigidity [240,241].…”

Section: Solvent Tolerance Strategies Of Microbes and Their Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme Environments: Goldmine of Industrially Valuable Alkali-stable Proteases

Garg¹,

Singh²

2015

Enz Eng

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Since the advent and release of Bio 40 (the first detergent with bacterial alkaline protease) in 1959, exploration of the microbial alkaline proteases has been exploited beyond expectations. The inventory of microbial alkaline proteases is difficult to draft as it is increasing daily. Most of these proteases are the result of studies in which one or a few isolates were targeted for an alkali-stable enzyme. Although, the worldwide research on microbial alkaline proteases has been widely performed, we still need an improved enzyme capable of catalyzing reactions under extreme conditions (also called as extremozymes), e.g., high alkalinity and salinity, anhydrous environment, cold and hot environment, etc. As the search for extremozymes is in progress, it is imperative to explore the extreme environments to get some novel microbial strains (extremophiles) for alkali-stable proteases. This review article is an effort to compile the scattered information on some extremophiles and their alkali-stable proteases, which may have better specific industrial applications. It includes: (i) various extreme environments relevant to industrial biocatalysts, (ii) strategies of extremophilic microbes and enzymes which make them able to tolerate such conditions, and (iii) an overview of some important work done so far to explore industrially relevant extremophilic enzymes from extremophiles.

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Cis–Trans Isomerase of Unsaturated Fatty Acids: An Immediate Bacterial Adaptive Mechanism to Cope with Emerging Membrane Perturbation Caused by Toxic Hydrocarbons

Cited by 7 publications

References 46 publications

In vitro biohydrogenation of 13C-labeled α-linolenic acid in response to ruminal alterations associated with diet-induced milk fat depression in ewes

In vitro biohydrogenation of 13C-labeled α-linolenic acid in response to ruminal alterations associated with diet-induced milk fat depression in ewes

The Various Roles of Fatty Acids

Extreme Environments: Goldmine of Industrially Valuable Alkali-stable Proteases

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