Cirque overdeepening and their relationship to morphometry

Křížek, Marek; Vocadlova, Klára; Engel, Zbyněk

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.11.014

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This cirque is the second deepest and the third largest cirque in the mountain range (Křížek et al . ). The cirque has a mica schist and paragneiss bedrock with quartz and quartzite intercalations.…”

Section: Regional Setting and Study Areamentioning

confidence: 97%

The Lateglacial and Holocene in Central Europe: a multi‐proxy environmental record from the Bohemian Forest, Czech Republic

Vocadlova

Petr

et al. 2015

Boreas

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The Hercynian mountain ranges were islands of mountain glaciation and alpine tundra in a Central European ice‐free corridor during the Late Pleistocene. Today they are notable areas of glacial landforms, alpine‐forest free areas, peatlands and woodlands. However, our knowledge of the Lateglacial and early Holocene environmental changes in this region is limited. We present a new multi‐proxy reconstruction of a mid‐altitude environment in the Bohemian Forest spanning this period. A core (5.2 m length) in the Černé Lake cirque (1028 m a.s.l.) was subjected to lithological, geochemical, pollen and macrofossil analysis supplemented by two optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and 10 AMS radiocarbon dates. We determined the impact of regional and supraregional climate changes on the environment. The two most significant changes in sedimentation during the Lateglacial (17.6 and 15.8–15.5 cal. ka BP) were synchronous with regional glacial chronostratigraphy. Unlike Central European mountain ranges, in the Bohemian Forest the Younger Dryas was not coincident with glacier re‐advance, but was a dry, cold episode with low lake levels, which prevailed until the early Preboreal. Plant macrofossils indicate local establishment of Betula nana and Betula pendula/pubescens at 15.4–13.4 cal. ka BP. Comparison with Holocene records from Central Europe shows a similar immigration history of vegetation at mid and higher altitudes. The tree line exceeded an altitude of ~1000 m a.s.l. around 10.5 cal. ka BP and coincided with rapid geochemical changes in the sediment. The 8.2 ka BP event did not have any response in the sedimentary record, but corresponded to stabilization of the Picea abies population and expansion of Fagus. Fagus colonized the Bohemian Forest earlier than other Hercynian mid‐mountains, but never predominated in the composition of the forest at higher elevations. Abies alba was the last tree species that immigrated to the study area.

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Section: Regional Setting and Study Areamentioning

confidence: 97%

The Lateglacial and Holocene in Central Europe: a multi‐proxy environmental record from the Bohemian Forest, Czech Republic

Vocadlova

Petr

et al. 2015

Boreas

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“…Haynes (1968) investigated cirques in Scotland (n = 67), and found 81% to have a k value between 0.5 (for cirques without steep headwalls but with shallow outward sloping floors) and 2.0 (for overdeepened cirques with steep headwalls). Thus, high k values typically correspond to well-developed, overdeepened cirques (Křížek et al, 2012) (Fig. 18).…”

Section: General Trends In Cirque Morphometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies simply classify cirque aspect according to a limited number of compass points (N, NE, E, etc.) (e.g., Křížek et al, 2012;Bathrellos et al, 2014), however, vector mean and vector strength remain useful statistics in allowing comparison between cirque populations (Evans, 1969;Unwin, 1973) (Table 2). Evans, 1977).…”

Section: Cirque Aspect 41 Definition and Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glacial cirques as palaeoenvironmental indicators: Their potential and limitations

Barr

Spagnolo

2015

Earth-Science Reviews

106

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Glacial cirques are armchair-shaped erosional hollows, typified by steep headwalls and, often, overdeepened floors. They reflect former regions of glacier initiation, and their distribution is, therefore, linked to palaeoclimate. Because of this association, cirques can be analysed for the information they provide about past environments, an approach that has a strong heritage, and has seen resurgence over recent years. This paper provides a critical assessment of what cirques can tell us about past environments, and considers their reliability as palaeoenvironmental proxies. Specific focus is placed on information that can be obtained from consideration of cirque distribution, aspect, altitude, and morphometry. The paper highlights the fact that cirques potentially provide information about the style, duration and intensity of former glaciation, as well as information about past temperatures, precipitation gradients, cloud-cover and wind directions. In all, cirques are considered a valuable source of palaeoenvironmental information (if used judiciously), particularly as they are ubiquitous within formerly glaciated mountain ranges globally, thus making regional or even global scale studies possible. Furthermore, cirques often occupy remote and inaccessible regions where other palaeoenvironmental proxies may be limited or lacking. "Custom has not yet made a decision as to the universal name of this feature of mountain sculpture. Many countries furnish their own local names, and the word has been parenthetically translated into three or four languages […]. In the Scottish Highlands, corry is the prevailing word;

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“…Relationship between L/W and L/H for cirques located in different countries. It is observed that the Cantabrian Mountain and Pyrenees cirques, located in latitudes lower than most cirques analysed in this graph, show low values of both indices (data: Aniya and Welch 1981;Evans 1994;Evans and Cox 1995;Massaglia 1995;Hassinen 1998;Davis 1999;García-Ruiz et al 2000;Ureda 2001;Nelson and Jackson 2002;Federici and Spagnolo 2004;Steffanová and Mentlik 2007;Ruiz-Fernández et al 2009a;Vočadlová and Křížek 2009;Simoni 2011;Křížek et al 2012;Barr and Spagnolo 2013;Křížek and Mida 2013;Delmas et al 2014; this study: circles with outlines).…”

Section: The Influence Of Orientationmentioning

confidence: 79%

Glacial cirques in the southern side of the cantabrian mountains of southwestern europe

Gómez-Villar

González

Gutiérrez

et al. 2015

Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography

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A total of 156 glacial cirques located on two different areas in the Cantabrian Mountains (NW Spain) were identified and measured in order to continue and expand the study of these large‐scale erosional forms in European mountains. Environmental variables that may explain cirque distribution (altitude, aspect and lithology), and their most important morphometric features (area, length (L), width (W), headwall height (H), and L/W, L/H and W/H indices), are analysed. Statistical analysis has been applied as indicators of contrast (ANOVA) and association (correlation and regression). Conglomerate analysis (CLUSTER) has been used to discriminate cirque groups based on their morphometric variables. Results show that cirques occur at lower altitudes in the Upper Sil River basin area than in the Montaña Central area due to a lower former equilibrium line altitude (ELA) position. In the Upper Sil River basin, environmental variables appear to have had a strong influence on the location and size of cirques: the largest cirques are located in quartzite rocks at elevations above 2000 m and face N or NE. In Montaña Central, the influence of these factors was more limited as a consequence of higher geological structure control. Cirque sizes generally are modest compared with cirques present in other mountain ranges globally, most likely due to shorter glacial occupancy in the Cantabrian Mountains.

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Cirque overdeepening and their relationship to morphometry

Cited by 25 publications

References 28 publications

The Lateglacial and Holocene in Central Europe: a multi‐proxy environmental record from the Bohemian Forest, Czech Republic

The Lateglacial and Holocene in Central Europe: a multi‐proxy environmental record from the Bohemian Forest, Czech Republic

Glacial cirques as palaeoenvironmental indicators: Their potential and limitations

Glacial cirques in the southern side of the cantabrian mountains of southwestern europe

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