“…However, in the ORR, bulk gold single-crystal electrodes with orientations of (111), (110), and (100) show promising behavior. As a result, the ORR efficiency of the Au(100) electrode in alkaline media is comparable to that of platinum [ 28 ]. To achieve a large specific surface area and lower the cost, gold is frequently dispersed across a nanoparticle form that is adsorbed onto a hard surface [ 29 , 30 ].…”