Circumstances around weapon injury in Cambodia after departure of a peacekeeping force: prospective cohort study

Meddings, David; O’Connor, Stephanie M

doi:10.1136/bmj.319.7207.412

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The distribution of injuries suggests that the majority of victims in this study sustained GSWs while a significantly smaller number may have sustained injuries from fragmenting munitions (i.e., shrapnel from bombs, shells, and grenades). This difference is important since in combat contexts, most civilians are injured by the latter (24). The anatomical distribution of gunshot injuries is also telling inasmuch as the skeletal injuries are distributed in decreasing order from the head, chest, and extremities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic Anthropology and the Most Probable Cause of Death in Cases of Violations Against International Humanitarian Law: An Example from Bosnia and Herzegovina

Baraybar¹,

Gąsior²

2006

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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This study presents the results of the analysis of at least 298 predominantly male individuals, between 15 and 75 years, who were recovered from an open cast mine in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Particular attention is paid to identifying the mechanisms of injury and determination of the most probable cause of death based on the assessment of lethal or lethal-if-untreated injuries recorded in the skeleton. It was calculated that at least 38.9% (155/398) of individuals sustained gunshot wounds (GSWs) (plus one shrapnel wound) and may have died as consequence of these injuries. Among individuals who died from GSWs, there were 142 males (91.60%), eight females (5.1%) and five cases that were (3.2%) undetermined. One male individual sustained shrapnel injuries. This study presents an example of the multidisciplinary approach to the effective forensic investigation of violation against International Humanitarian Law, as well as an example of how it is possible to obtain meaningful results to assist the needs of the prosecution in these kind of cases despite the large number of cases and technological constraints.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic Anthropology and the Most Probable Cause of Death in Cases of Violations Against International Humanitarian Law: An Example from Bosnia and Herzegovina

Baraybar¹,

Gąsior²

2006

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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“…A large body of evidence presented in Courts or Commissions of Enquiry during the past twenty years in different jurisdictions has attested to human rights abuses in various countries [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Investigations of such abuses combine witness testimony with forensic evidence such as the context in which human remains were found and the distribution of injuries that resulted in the death of victims.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of gunshot injury patterns in mortality associated with human rights abuses and armed conflict: an exploratory study

Baraybar¹

2015

Science & Justice

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“…Two key findings of this study were that 30% of the 863 weapon injuries observed were inflicted in settings other than interfactional combat, and that the likelihood and mechanism of civilian injury was quite different in combat and non-combat contexts. 8 The proportion of civilians injured in combat contexts was 42% and most often was due to fragmenting munitions, such as the use of mortars to shell civilian inhabited areas. In contrast, the proportion of civilians injured in non-combat contexts was 71%, with these injuries mostly due to the intentional use of a firearm.…”

Section: Direct Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Civilians and war: A review and historical overview of the involvement of non‐combatant populations in conflict situations

Meddings

2001

Medicine, Conflict and Survival

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The effects of light weapons are now regularly seen on television and are becoming an international issue, particularly regarding their impact on civilians. It is claimed that 80% or more of deaths and injuries in today's wars are civilian; there is no objective evidence for this as little accurate information is available. Recent surveys suggest, however, a proportion of between 35 and 65%--still far too high considering the protection to which civilians are entitled under international humanitarian law. It is proposed the problem arises from twentieth-century killing power in the hands of individuals with fifteenth-century discipline and organization. Recent systematic surveys distinguish between civilian deaths from light weapons in combat and non-combat situations. A high proportion of combat deaths is due to fragmenting weapons such as mortars targeted on populated areas. Many weapon-related deaths in non-combat situations are accidental (cleaning weapons, handling by children during play) and others are related to domestic disputes. The availability and use of weapons also affects civilians indirectly in many ways, such as ill-health in refugees, psychosocial effects on women and children, and economic and environmental consequences. A variety of schemes exist to reduce the availability of light weapons and reintegrate their users into society. The international community must extend and make better use of these measures.

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Circumstances around weapon injury in Cambodia after departure of a peacekeeping force: prospective cohort study

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

Forensic Anthropology and the Most Probable Cause of Death in Cases of Violations Against International Humanitarian Law: An Example from Bosnia and Herzegovina

Forensic Anthropology and the Most Probable Cause of Death in Cases of Violations Against International Humanitarian Law: An Example from Bosnia and Herzegovina

Variation of gunshot injury patterns in mortality associated with human rights abuses and armed conflict: an exploratory study

Civilians and war: A review and historical overview of the involvement of non‐combatant populations in conflict situations

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