Circumscription of species of Hodophilus (Clavariaceae, Agaricales) in North America with naphthalene odours

Abstract

Five North American Hodophilus species with naphthalene-like odours are now recognized based on sequence and (or) morphological data and molecular annotation of type collections. Two well-supported eastern North American species do not match any of the studied types and are described here as new: Hodophilus hesleri and Hodophilus smithii. The previously described Hodophilus paupertinus is found to represent an autonomous species and appears restricted to western North America. Hodophilus subfuscescens is found to be an independent lineage in eastern North America. A morphological type study of Hodophilus peckianus shows that it is a distinct species and not represented among recent collections. Multilocus phylogenetic analyses of European and North American material of species with naphthalene odours reveal no species with transatlantic distributions. Overall, Hodophilus comprises two superclades (the Hodophilus foetens superclade and the Hodophilus micaceus superclade) and 16 terminal clades that correspond to phylogenetic species. This study introduces a new approach for morphological delimitation of agaricoid Clavariaceae combining shape and dimensions of particular elements in the pileipellis and caulocystidia. All previously described taxa included in this study, which were previously treated in the genera Hygrophorus, Camarophyllopsis, or Hygrotrama, are formally transferred to Hodophilus.

Fungal Planet description sheets: 558–624

“…Notes — The combination of characters such as the hymeniderm-type pileipellis composed of clavate or inflated-clavate terminal elements and the absence of clamp connections indicates that this species belongs to the genus Hodophilus ( Adamčík et al 2016 , Birkebak et al 2016 ). Hodophilus hymenocephalus , a species originally described from USA by Smith & Hesler (1942 , as Hygrophorus hymenocephalus ), shows similarity with H. indicus in having a similar-looking pileus with somewhat similar surface features, almost similar number and attachment of lamellae, similar-sized basidiospores (4–5 μm), an irregular lamellar trama and a similar pileipellis.…”

“…While using the LSU (706 bp) sequence, Hodophilus micaceus (GenBank KP257222; 93 % identity), a collection from Slovakia resulted as the closest hit. ML and BI analyses of the combined ITS and LSU dataset recovered two large clades designated as Hodophilus micaceus and Hodophilus foetens superclades following Adamčík et al (2016) . Hodophilus indicus was found nested inside the Hodophilus micaceus superclade with strong posterior probability (0.98 PP) and weak bootstrap support (58 % BS).…”

Two new agaricoid species of the family Clavariaceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from China, representing two newly recorded genera to the country

“…For phylogenetic analyses, 25 sequences (13 ITS and 12 LSU) were newly generated from 13 collections, 219 related sequences (123 ITS and 96 LSU) were retrieved from GenBank, and Ramariopsis corniculata (Schaeff.) R.H. Petersen selected as an outgroup based on previous studies (Birkebak et al 2016; Adamčík et al 2016, 2018). The combined matrix of 137 samples with 1614 nucleotide sites was constructed for phylogenetic analyses and the final alignment was submitted to TreeBASE (Submission ID 24440).…”

“…Hodophilus taxa were mainly reported in temperate to boreal zones of the northern hemisphere and can be found in forest, bushy forest margin, grassland and bare soil habitats (Adamčík et al 2016, 2017a, 2017b, 2018), and a recent study reported a new tropical distribution in India (Crous et al 2017). In this study, collections of H. glaberripes were distributed from 23°N to 26°N in the subtropical zone of southern China and at altitudes of 200–800 m, mostly occurred in the margin of broadleaf forest (mainly dominated by Fagaceae, Hamamelidaceae and Theaceae plants) and mixed forest (dominated by broadleaf tree mixed with few conifer as Pinus massoniana Lamb., Pinus spp.…”

The genus Dermoloma is more diverse than expected and forms a monophyletic lineage in the Tricholomataceae

“…Ecology of members of Dermoloma is equal to other members of the so-called CHEGD fungi, where this genus is included together with Clavariaceae, Hygrocybe (and other genera of Hygrophoraceae previously placed in this genus), Entoloma, Geoglossaceae (and some species of Leotiaceae previously placed in this family). In Europe, CHEGD fungi are typically found in grassland habitats but in North America they usually grow in forests associated with non-ectomycorrhizal trees (Adamčík et al 2016;Lodge et al 2014). It seems that more important than the presence or absence of trees is their a nity to undisturbed sites with a conservation value (Gri th et al 2013).…”