Circulatory Adaptation to Pregnancy - Serial Studies of Haemodynamics, Blood Volume, Renin and Aldosterone in the Baboon (Papio hamadryas)

Phippard, Andrew F.; Horvath, John S.; Glynn, Elizabeth; Garner, M. G.; Fletcher, Peter; Duggin, Geoffrey G.; Tiller, David J.

doi:10.1097/00004872-198612000-00013

Cited by 94 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…The changes in blood volume and renal function trigger a compensatory activity from the maternal cardiovascular system in order to ensure correct maternal-fetal homeostasis (DUVEKOT et al, 1993). Plasma expansion is essential for sufficient uterine perfusion (PRESTES & LANDIM-ALVARENGA, 2006), these processes having already been demonstrated in other mammals (PHIPPARD et al, 1986;DAVIS et al, 1989).…”

Section: Gestational Hemodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemodynamic gestational adaptation in bitches

et al. 2017

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Throughout pregnancy, maternal hemodynamic adaptation is needed to ensure proper uterine perfusion and fetal development. When the uteroplacental vascular system is formed, starting with reduced resistance to uterine arterial flow, this results in decreased total vascular resistance, an activation of neuroendocrine vasoactive peptides, an increase in circulating blood and changes in the cardiovascular system morphophysiology to respond to the increasing demands of uterine perfusion. There has been considerable study of hemodynamic adaptation in pregnant women and this assessment has become a diagnostic tool for fatal obstetric disorders. However, in bitches the available information in this regard is limited; therefore a parallel was drawn between other species of animals and women, in order to subsidize the paucity of information about this process and facilitate the understanding of maternal-fetal hemodynamic adaptation in pregnant bitches. This review and literature analysis aimed\ to discuss morphophysiological cardiovascular adaptations during pregnancy and the possible disorders that can affect this process in pregnant female dogs.

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Section: Gestational Hemodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemodynamic gestational adaptation in bitches

et al. 2017

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“…These high levels in the pregnants were almost similar to those in common and southern minke whales reported previously (Yoshioka et al, 1990;Yoshioka and Fujise, 1992;Iga et al, 1996;Suzuki et al, 2001;Kjeld et al, 2003;Kjeld et al, 2004;Muranishi et al, 2004). It has been shown that pregnancy is characterized by an increase in extracellular fluid, plasma, and blood volume in different mammalian species (Phippard et al, 1986;Schrier and Briner, 1991), and that vasopressin response to an osmotic challenge is affected by sex steroid hormones (Sladek et al, 2000).…”

Section: Sex Steroid Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma and Urine Levels of Electrolytes, Urea and Steroid Hormones Involved in Osmoregulation of Cetaceans

Birukawa

Ando

Goto³

et al. 2005

Zoological Science

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Cetaceans are well adapted to their hyperosmotic environment by properly developed osmoregulatory ability. A question here is how they regulate water and mineral balances in marine habitats. In the present study, we determined blood and urine levels of various chemicals involved in osmoregulation, compared them with those in artiodactyls, and characterized the values in the whales. Blood and urine samples obtained from baleen whales of common minke (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), sei (B. borealis), and Bryde's whales (B. brydei), and toothed whales of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) were analyzed for osmolality, major electrolytes, urea, steroid hormones and glucose. The urine osmolality and Na + concentrations in the cetaceans were much higher than those in the cattle. Furthermore, the cetaceans had 5 to 11-fold urea in plasma than the cattle, and 2 to 4-fold urea in urine.There were no significant difference in the plasma concentrations of corticosteroids between the cetaceans and the cattle. The present results indicate that the osmoregulatory parameters seem to be not affected by the reproductive stage and sex steroid hormones. The concentrations of urea in plasma and urine of the baleen whales were higher than those of the sperm whales, indicating a possibility that their osmoregulatory mechanisms may be correlated to their feeding habits. The present results suggest that cetaceans have unique osmoregulatory mechanisms by which they excrete strongly hypertonic urine to maintain fluid homeostasis in marine habitats.

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“…[1][2][3] These changes cause an important increment in uteroplacental blood flow, allowing normal fetal growth.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pregnant Rats Treated With a Serotonin Precursor Have Reduced Fetal Weight and Lower Plasma Volume and Kallikrein Levels

et al. 2007

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Abstract-Pregnant women with preeclampsia have increased serotonin levels, suggesting a possible role of this amine in abnormal pregnancy. With the hypothesis that an increase in serotonin would reduce volume expansion and cause fetal growth restriction, we evaluated the maternal and fetal effects of the administration of the serotonin precursor 5-hidroxytryptophan (5-HTP) to Sprague-Dawley rats. At pregnancy day 13 (nϭ19) or in random cycle nonpregnant rats (nϭ10), animals were assigned to a single injection of 5-HTP (100 mg/kg IP) or to a control group. Animals were studied at day 21, after overnight urinary collection. Additional pregnant rats received ketanserin (1 mg/kg), a 5-HT 2 receptor antagonist, 1 hour before 5-HTP injection. In pregnant rats, 5-HTP lowered plasma volume (control: 22Ϯ1.1; 5-HTP: 17Ϯ0.7 mL; PϽ0.001) and creatinine clearance, whereas serum creatinine and urinary protein excretion were increased; no changes were observed in nonpregnant rats. Systolic blood pressure did not change significantly. Urinary kallikrein activity and plasma aldosterone levels decreased only in pregnant animals. Fetal (control: 5.5Ϯ0.1; 5-HTP: 4.2Ϯ0.2 g; PϽ0.001) and placental weights were reduced. In nonpregnant and pregnant animals, 5-HTP caused profound renal morphological alterations and decreased kallikrein immunostaining. Preadministration of ketanserin abolished all of the changes associated with the use of 5-HTP. These data indicate that the administration of a serotonin precursor to pregnant rats limits plasma volume expansion and fetal growth via 5-HT 2 receptors, suggesting a possible role for serotonin in abnormal pregnancy. We postulate that an increased vascular resistance, both at the placental and renal levels, mediates these effects. Key Words: preeclampsia/pregnancy Ⅲ experimental models Ⅲ acute kidney failure Ⅲ kallikrein Ⅲ aldosterone Ⅲ plasma volume Ⅲ serotonin N ormal pregnancy, in humans and other mammals, is characterized by a significant reduction in systemic vascular resistance associated with lower arterial blood pressure, increased cardiac output, stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system, and plasma volume expansion. 1-3 These changes cause an important increment in uteroplacental blood flow, allowing normal fetal growth.In previous studies we have observed that pregnancy complications, such as fetal growth restriction or preeclampsia, are associated with reduced plasma volume expansion, increased vascular resistance, and lower levels of plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone, and urinary kallikrein activity. 4,5 In preeclampsia an increased platelet aggregation has been described, with a consequent increment in serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) levels. 6 Serotonin is an endogenous amine synthesized by the enzymes tryptophan hydroxylase and decarboxylase from 5-hydroxytryptophane (5-HTP) and is metabolized by the enzyme monoamino-oxidase A to 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid. 7 Serotonin has multiple cardiovascular effects, causing either blood vessel dilation through its 5-HT 1...

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Circulatory Adaptation to Pregnancy - Serial Studies of Haemodynamics, Blood Volume, Renin and Aldosterone in the Baboon (Papio hamadryas)

Cited by 94 publications

References 0 publications

Hemodynamic gestational adaptation in bitches

Hemodynamic gestational adaptation in bitches

Plasma and Urine Levels of Electrolytes, Urea and Steroid Hormones Involved in Osmoregulation of Cetaceans

Pregnant Rats Treated With a Serotonin Precursor Have Reduced Fetal Weight and Lower Plasma Volume and Kallikrein Levels

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