Circulation of rabies virus in Paraguay

Vera, Cristina San Miguel de

doi:10.18004/imt/201611221-32

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The urban cycle involves the dog as the main host and transmitter of RABV, while the sylvatic cycle includes a variety of wildlife species, ranging from carnivores to bat, transmitting RABV to other species including humans (Cisterna et al., 2005). The idea of an aerial sylvatic cycle has been recently proposed to differentiate transmission among bat species from other non‐volant wildlife species (San Miguel de Vera, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human cat borne rabies as the new epidemiology of the disease in the Andes mountains

Meriño‐Olivella,

del Pilar Sánchez‐Bonilla,

Escobar

et al. 2024

Zoonoses and Public Health

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BackgroundRabies virus (RABV) is the etiologic agent of rabies, a fatal brain disease in mammals. Rabies circulation has historically involved the dog has the main source of human rabies worldwide. Nevertheless, in Colombia, cats (Felis catus) have become a relevant species in the epidemiology of rabies.AimsTo characterize rabies cases in humans in Colombia in the last three decades in the context of the epidemiology of the aggressor animal.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective longitudinal epidemiological study of human rabies caused by cats’ aggression, collecting primary and secondary information. Variables considered included the demography of the patient, symptoms, information about the aggressor animal as the source of infection and the viral variant identified.ResultsWe found that the distribution of rabies incidence over the years has been constant in Colombia. Nevertheless, between 2003 and 2012 a peak of cases occurred in rural Colombia where cats were the most frequent aggressor animal reported. Most cats involved in aggression were unvaccinated against rabies. Cat's clinical signs at the time of the report of the human cases included hypersalivation and changes in behaviour. Human patients were mostly children and female and the exposure primarily corresponded to bite and puncture lacerations in hands. The RABV lineage detected in most cases corresponded to variant 3, linked to the common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus). The geographical presentation of cat borne RABV in humans occurred along the Andes mountains, epidemiologically known as the rabies red Andean corridor.DiscussionBy finding cats as the primary source of rabies spillover transmission in Colombia, this report highlights the importance of revising national rabies control and prevention protocol in countries in the Andes region.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that rabies vaccination for outdoor cats needs to prioritize to reduce the number of rabies‐related human deaths.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human cat borne rabies as the new epidemiology of the disease in the Andes mountains

Meriño‐Olivella,

del Pilar Sánchez‐Bonilla,

Escobar

et al. 2024

Zoonoses and Public Health

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“…8 Transmission of RABV by bats to animals of economic interest is one of the most serious issues concerning rabies in Paraguay. 17 A national campaign against bovine rabies has been available since 1978 in Paraguay, and in 2015, the National Rabies Control Program in susceptible animals was approved, establishing that the control of rabies in the country is carried out through the vaccination of susceptible species, which is mandatory in high-risk areas. 21 However, data obtained from the annual statistics of the National Service of Quality and Animal Health (SENACSA) in 2021 reported 43 of 342 (12.5%) positive animals in Paraguay, of which 31 of 43 (72%) were bovids, indicating that the prevalence was high in cattle in that year.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparison of 4 laboratory tests for the detection of bovine rabies viral infection in Paraguay: fluorescent antibody test, rapid detection test, histologic lesions, and RT-PCR

Rodriguez,

Rodriguez

et al. 2024

J VET Diagn Invest

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Rabies virus (RABV; Lyssavirus rabies) is a neurotropic virus that can be transmitted to mammals by the hematophagous bat Desmodus rotundus. An accurate, accessible method for the detection of RABV in cattle is necessary in Paraguay; thus, we evaluated the detection of RABV using 4 techniques: fluorescent antibody test (FAT), immunochromatography rapid detection test (RDT; Anigen Rapid Rabies Ag test kit; Bionote), a reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) assay, and histologic lesions in different portions of the CNS of 49 Paraguayan cattle to determine the most sensitive and specific technique. By FAT and RDT, 15 of 49 (31%) samples were positive. By RT-PCR amplification of N and G genes, 13 of 49 (27%) and 12 of 49 (25%) were positive, respectively. RDT had high agreement with FAT (kappa = 1); sensitivity was 100% (95% CI: 97–100%) and specificity was 100% (95% CI: 99–100%). The amplification of the N and G genes resulted in substantial agreement (kappa of 0.9 and 0.8, respectively) compared with FAT, and the sensitivity and specificity of the N gene were 87% (95% CI: 66–100%) and 100% (95% CI: 98–100%), respectively, and those of the G gene were 80% (95% CI: 56–100%) and 100% (95% CI: 98–100%), respectively. Histologic lesions observed were lymphoplasmacytic meningoencephalitis, gliosis, and neuronophagia. The agreement observed between the FAT and RDT tests suggests that RDT is an accurate tool for the detection of RABV. Histopathology can be used to confirm lesions caused by RABV and to rule out other conditions; the RT-PCR assay is useful for molecular epidemiology studies.

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“…Consequently, rabies incidence has increased in cattle [79]. In 2002, a case of human rabies transmitted by a bat was reported in Paraguay [80]. In the process of recent anthropogenic activities, wildlife has fewer natural habitats and Paraguay has lost biodiversity resulting in an increased risk of zoonoses [81][82][83].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Circulation of rabies virus in Paraguay

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Human cat borne rabies as the new epidemiology of the disease in the Andes mountains

Human cat borne rabies as the new epidemiology of the disease in the Andes mountains

Comparison of 4 laboratory tests for the detection of bovine rabies viral infection in Paraguay: fluorescent antibody test, rapid detection test, histologic lesions, and RT-PCR

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