Circulation of multiple serotypes of highly divergent enterovirus C in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region of China

Zhang, Yong; Sun, Qiang; Cui, Hui; Yan, Dongmei; Fan, Qin; Song, Yang; Zhu, Shuangli; Li, Xiaolei; Huang, Guohong; Ji, Tianjiao; Hu, Lan; Wang, Dongyan; Yang, Qian

doi:10.1038/srep33595

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…These subgenotypes differed by over a decade of circulation and could not have emerged locally. Similar molecular profiles were reported in the Xinjiang Uighur autonomous region of China, where most EV‐C types were represented by several co‐circulating lineages that could correspond to distinct genotypes and were probably introduced independently from different sources . This co‐circulation of different subtypes or genotypes mirrors the co‐circulation of several types during large outbreaks.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Molecular epidemiology and phylogenetics of human enteroviruses: Is there a forest behind the trees?

Lukashev

Vakulenko

Turbabina

et al. 2018

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Enteroviruses are among the best studied small non-enveloped enteric RNA viruses. Most enteroviruses are easy to isolate in cell culture, and many non-polio enterovirus strains were archived worldwide as a byproduct of the WHO poliovirus surveillance system. Common outbreaks and epidemics, most prominently the epidemic of hand-foot-and-mouth disease with severe neurological complications in East and South-East Asia, justify practical interest of non-polio enteroviruses. As a result, there are over 50 000 enterovirus nucleotide sequences available in GenBank. Technical possibilities have been also improving, as Bayesian phylogenetic methods with an integrated molecular clock were introduced a decade ago and provided unprecedented opportunities for phylogenetic analysis. As a result, hundreds of papers were published on the molecular epidemiology of enteroviruses. This review covers the modern methodology, structure, and biases of the sequence dataset available in GenBank. The relevance of the subtype classification, findings of co-circulation of multiple genetic variants, previously unappreciated complexity of viral populations, and global evolutionary patterns are addressed. The most relevant conclusions and prospects for further studies on outbreak emergence mechanisms are discussed.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Molecular epidemiology and phylogenetics of human enteroviruses: Is there a forest behind the trees?

Lukashev

Vakulenko

Turbabina

et al. 2018

Reviews in Medical Virology

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“…PCR products were purified using the QIAquick PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen, Germany). The amplicons were bi-directionally sequenced on an ABI 3130 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, USA) [ 13 ].Sequences were deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers MG926783–MG926810.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent circulation of genotype D coxsackievirus A2 in mainland of China since 2008

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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Coxsackievirus A2 (CV-A2) has emerged as an important etiological agent in the hand, foot, and mouth disease and herpangina pathogen spectrum because of its high global prevalence. In the present study, we investigated the evolutionary dynamics of CV-A2 circulating in China. We analyzed a total of 163 entire VP1 sequences of CV-A2, including 74 sequences generated from the present study and 89 sequences collected from the GenBank database. Phylogenetic analysis based on the entire VP1 nucleotide sequences confirmed the persistent circulation of the predominant genotype D in mainland of China since 2008. Cluster analysis grouped the sequences into two distinct clusters, clusters 1 and 2, with most grouped under cluster 2. After 2012, cluster 1 was gradually replaced by cluster 2. Results of Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis suggested that multiple lineages of genotype D were transmitted in mainland of China at an estimated evolutionary rate of 6.32×10−3 substitutions per site per year, which is consistent with the global evolutionary rate of CV-A2 (5.82×10−3 substitutions per site per year). Continuous transmission and evolution of CV-A2 resulted in the genetic polymorphism.

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“…Within this species, CVA20 and EV-C99 were the most common serotypes identified in our cohort. Although both serotypes have been isolated from AFP patients, they have been more commonly identified in apparently healthy individuals [23,25,43,48]. In our cohort, all but one of the HIV-positive individuals infected with these serotypes had a CD4+ T cell count higher than 200 cells/µL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Molecular Characterization and Clinical Description of Non-Polio Enteroviruses Detected in Stool Samples from HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Adults in Ghana

Cristanziano

Weimer

Böttcher

et al. 2020

Viruses

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In the post-polio eradication era, increasing attention is given to non-polio enteroviruses. Most of the data about enteroviruses in sub-Saharan Africa are related to acute flaccid paralysis surveillance and target the pediatric population. This study aimed to investigate the presence of enterovirus in PLHIV (people living with HIV) and HIV-negative individuals in Ghana. Stool samples from HIV-positive individuals (n = 250) and healthy blood donors (n = 102) attending the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana, were screened by real-time PCR for enterovirus. Molecular typing of the VP1 region was performed. Enterovirus-positive samples were tested for norovirus, adenovirus, rotavirus, sapovirus, and cosaviruses. Twenty-six out of 250 HIV-positive subjects (10.4%) and 14 out of 102 HIV-negative individuals (13.7%) were detected enterovirus-positive, not showing a significant different infection rate between the two groups. HIV-negative individuals were infected with Enterovirus C strains only. HIV-positive participants were detected positive for species Enterovirus A, Enterovirus B, and Enterovirus C. Co-infections with other viral enteric pathogens were almost exclusively detected among HIV-positive participants. Overall, the present study provides the first data about enteroviruses within HIV-positive and HIV-negative adults living in Ghana.

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Circulation of multiple serotypes of highly divergent enterovirus C in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region of China

Cited by 18 publications

References 53 publications

Molecular epidemiology and phylogenetics of human enteroviruses: Is there a forest behind the trees?

Molecular epidemiology and phylogenetics of human enteroviruses: Is there a forest behind the trees?

Persistent circulation of genotype D coxsackievirus A2 in mainland of China since 2008

Molecular Characterization and Clinical Description of Non-Polio Enteroviruses Detected in Stool Samples from HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Adults in Ghana

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