Circulation of multi-drug-resistant Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri among men who have sex with men in Barcelona, Spain, 2015–2019

A tale of two plasmids: contributions of plasmid associated phenotypes to epidemiological success among Shigella

“…Since the original reporting of pKSR100 in Australia, Canada, France and the UK, further pKSR100 and pKSR100-like plasmids have been reported and/or deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) non-redundant database. Specifically, a BLASTn search returned 15 hits with over 95% query coverage and 95% identity from greater than or equal to 7 Shigella serotypes across four continents, continuing to drive national and global shigellosis dynamics [29,30,[37][38][39][40] (figure 1a). Contrasting with the widespread dissemination of pKSR100, no BLAST hits with more than 87% query coverage for pAPR100 were returned, suggesting no distribution beyond its original detection in S. flexneri 2a in the UK.…”

Outbreak of sexually transmitted, extensively drug-resistant Shigella sonnei in the UK, 2021–22: a descriptive epidemiological study

“…Similar to previous outbreaks of sexually transmitted shigellosis, acquisition of a plasmid-encoded antimicrobial-resistance determinant was a defining feature, although most of these previous outbreaks were short-lived and none of the strains were XDR. 25,26 This outbreak strain is resistant to seven different classes of antibiotics, and oral treatment options are extremely limited. In addition, there have been reports of clinical severity including hospitalisation and possible treatment failure.…”

Clinical and Genomic Investigation of an International Ceftriaxone- and Azithromycin-Resistant Shigella sonnei Cluster among Men Who Have Sex with Men, Montréal, Canada 2017–2019

“…Twenty-four of the U.S. isolates were collected during a 2018 outbreak in a retirement community in Vermont ( 17 ). The Spain isolate was characterized as MSM associated ( 18 ). In addition, 35 out of the 44 Australian isolates included in this SNP cluster were associated to a prolonged MDR S. sonnei outbreak harboring bla CTX-M-27 that occurred from June 2019 to March 2020 ( 11 ).…”