Circulation of dengue serotype 1 viruses during the 2019 outbreak in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Mwanyika, Gaspary O.; Mboera, Leonard E. G.; Rugarabamu, Sima; Makange, Mariam; Sindato, Calvin; Lutwama, Julius J.; Pawęska, Janusz T.; Misinzo, Gerald

doi:10.1080/20477724.2021.1905302

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Moreover, seroprevalence studies have reported dengue in several regions of Tanzania with rates between 6.4% and 50.6% [ 8 , 10 , 12 – 16 ]. All the four DENV serotypes, DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4 have been reported in Tanzania [ 8 , 10 , 17 , 18 ]. Despite of frequent dengue outbreaks in the country, no vector control measures have been introduced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aedes aegypti abundance, larval indices and risk for dengue virus transmission in Kinondoni district, Tanzania

et al. 2022

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Background Tanzania has experienced periodic dengue outbreaks with increased incidence since 2010. However, there is limited information on vector dynamics and transmission risk in most parts of the country. This study was conducted to determine Aedes mosquito abundance, larval indices and dengue virus infection rate as risk indicators for DENV transmission in Kinondoni district, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in three wards of Kinondoni district in Tanzania between December 2019 and January 2020. In each ward, three streets were randomly selected for adult and immature mosquito sampling. The adult mosquitoes were collected using Mosquito Magnet traps, while mosquito larvae and pupae were inspected in water-holding containers in the selected household compounds. The detection of dengue virus (DENV) in female Aedes mosquitoes was done using a one-step reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) method. Results Of the 1416 adult female mosquitoes collected, Ae. aegypti accounted for 16.8% (n = 238). A total of 333 water-holding containers were inspected and 201 (60.4%) had at least an Aedes larvae or pupae. Water-holding containers supporting the breeding of Aedes larvae and pupae included discarded car tires, flowerpots and small and large plastic containers. The overall House Index, Container Index and Breteau Index were 55.1%, 60.4% and 114.2, respectively. None of the 763 female Aedes mosquitoes tested by RT–PCR was found to be infected with DENV. Conclusion The presence and abundance Ae. aegypti mosquitoes and the large proportion of water-holding containers infested with the mosquito larvae and pupae put residents of Kinondoni district at high risk of DENV transmission. Our findings emphasize the need for continuous mosquito vector surveillance and control to prevent the possibility of future DENV outbreaks in Tanzania.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aedes aegypti abundance, larval indices and risk for dengue virus transmission in Kinondoni district, Tanzania

et al. 2022

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“…During discussion, it was noted that the two districts actually experienced dengue epidemics during the reporting period, but since the variable in the DHIS2 system was VHF, the specific disease was not recorded. Tanzania, and particularly the City of Dar es Salaam has experienced dengue outbreaks during 2013–2015 and 2019 [ 34 , 35 ]. It is therefore important that the disease surveillance guidelines should emphasize the need for reporting of specific disease rather than groups of diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving disease surveillance data analysis, interpretation, and use at the district level in Tanzania

Mremi

Sindato

Kishamawe

et al. 2022

Global Health Action

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An effective disease surveillance system is critical for early detection and response to disease epidemics. This study aimed to assess the capacity to manage and utilize disease surveillance data and implement an intervention to improve data analysis and use at the district level in Tanzania. Mapping, in-depth interview and desk review were employed for data collection in Ilala and Kinondoni districts in Tanzania. Interviews were conducted with members of the council health management teams (CHMT) to assess attitudes, motivation and practices related to surveillance data analysis and use. Based on identified gaps, an intervention package was developed on basic data analysis, interpretation and use. The effectiveness of the intervention package was assessed using pre-and post-intervention tests. Individual interviews involved 21 CHMT members (females = 10; males = 11) with an overall median age of 44.5 years (IQR = 37, 53). Over half of the participants regarded their data analytical capacities and skills as excellent. Analytical capacity was higher in Kinondoni (61%) than Ilala (52%). Agreement on the availability of the opportunities to enhance capacity and skills was reported by 68% and 91% of the participants from Ilala and Kinondoni, respectively. Reported challenges in disease surveillance included data incompleteness and difficulties in storage and accessibility. Training related to enhancement of data management was reported to be infrequently done. In terms of data interpretation and use, despite reporting of incidence of viral haemorrhagic fevers for five years, no actions were taken to either investigate or mitigate, indicating poor use of surveillance data in monitoring disease occurrence. The overall percentage increase on surveillance knowledge between pre-and post-training was 37.6% for Ilala and 20.4% for Kinondoni indicating a positive impact on of the training. Most of CHMT members had limited skills and practices on data analysis, interpretation and use. The training in data analysis and interpretation significantly improved skills of the participants.

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“…The data provided no evidence of arboviral infections in acute febrile children in the Lake Victoria Region of Tanzania. In contrast, major Dengue outbreaks in Dar es Salaam were reported in 2014 and 2019, leading to DENV-1 infections in travelers returning from the region [49,50]. Climate change scenarios, which predict the distribution of vectors like Aedes aegypti, indicate that the Lake Victoria and Lake Tanganyika Regions will become areas of future risk for Dengue epidemics [51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges Diagnosing and Treating Acute Febrile Children with Suspected Malaria at Healthcare Facilities in the Mwanza Region, Tanzania

Koliopoulos

Kayange

Jensen

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background Acute febrile diseases transmitted by mosquitos are a diagnostic challenge for pediatricians working Sub-Sahara-Africa. Misclassification due to the lack of rapid, reliable diagnostic tests leads to the overuse of antibiotics and antimalarials. Methods Between April 2016 and March 2018, 751 children presenting with acute fever and suspected of having malaria were examined at healthcare facilities located in Mwanza Region, Tanzania. Sociodemographic data and medical histories were obtained. The sensitivity and specificity of blood smear microscopy and malaria rapid diagnostic tests were compared to multiplex-RT-PCR-ELISA. Results One hundred thirty-seven of 698 (19.6%) pediatric patients meeting the inclusion criteria and presenting with acute fever had Plasmodium falciparum infections confirmed by PCR. 22,8% received antibiotics and 22,6% antimalarials prior to admission. No evidence of arboviral infections was found. Blood smear microscopy exhibited 33.3% sensitivity and 93.2% specificity. Malaria Rapid Test NADAL® provided 86.6% sensitivity and 98.2% specificity in detecting acute malaria infections. Only 7.2% of malaria-negative children received antimalarials at Sengerema Designated District Hospital when treatment was guided by the results of the rapid test. Conclusions Misclassification and premedication of non-malarial, febrile illnesses contribute to the emergence of antimalarial and antimicrobial resistance. Rapid, reliable diagnostic tests could reduce the number of antimalarial prescription significantly. This occurred when Malaria Rapid Tests were incorporated into the clinical routine and the results were translated into adequate treatment.

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Circulation of dengue serotype 1 viruses during the 2019 outbreak in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Cited by 10 publications

References 38 publications

Aedes aegypti abundance, larval indices and risk for dengue virus transmission in Kinondoni district, Tanzania

Aedes aegypti abundance, larval indices and risk for dengue virus transmission in Kinondoni district, Tanzania

Improving disease surveillance data analysis, interpretation, and use at the district level in Tanzania

Challenges Diagnosing and Treating Acute Febrile Children with Suspected Malaria at Healthcare Facilities in the Mwanza Region, Tanzania

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