Circulation Modelling in the Strait of Singapore

Chen, Ming; Murali, K.; Khoo, Boo Cheong; Lou, Jing; Kumar, Kurichi

doi:10.2112/04-0412.1

Cited by 47 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…However, due to geo-political realities, relatively few studies encompass the region as a whole. Except for Wyrtki (1961), most of the recent work to date focuses on specific sub-areas of the region: e.g., the SCS area (Shaw and Chao 1994;Zu et al 2008), the Singapore Strait area (Chen et al 2005;Chan et al 2006) and the Malacca Strait up to the Andaman Sea (AS) region (Hii et al 2006;Ibrahim and Yanagi 2006).…”

Section: Earlier Tidal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several modelling studies address the tide in the Singapore Strait (e.g. Shankar et al 1997;Zhang and Gin 2000;Chen et al 2005). The majority of these models, however, cover a small domain and apply tidal open boundary forcing that is interpolated from data from nearby coastal stations, while the dynamics of the large-scale tidal interaction would require the consideration of a much larger domain.…”

Section: Earlier Tidal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensitivity analysis of the tidal representation in Singapore Regional Waters in a data assimilation environment

et al. 2011

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The Singapore Regional Waters (SRW) is one of the more complex tidal regions in the world. This complexity is caused by various factors including the interaction of the Indian and Pacific oceans with their mainly semi-diurnal and diurnal tide, respectively, complicated coastline geometry, small islands and sharply varying bottom topography. Tidal data analysis is hampered by the lack of reliable coastal stations with long-term water level records while numerical tidal modelling studies suffer from lack of accurate highresolution bathymetry data and uncertainty in the prescription of the tidal open boundary forcing. The present study combines numerical modelling with available along-track satellite altimetry data and a limited set of reliable coastal stations. It proposes a structured approach to study the sensitivity of tidal propagation and interactions to parameters like the prescription of tidal forcing at the open ocean boundaries, local depth information and seabed roughness. To guide and facilitate this analysis, the open-source software environment OpenDA for sensitivity analysis and simultaneous parameter optimisation is used. In a user-controlled way, the vector difference error in tidal representation could so effectively be reduced by~50%. The results confirm the benefit of using OpenDA in guiding the systematic exploration of the modelled tide and reducing the parameter uncertainties in different parts of the SRW region. OpenDA is also shown to reduce the repetitive nature of simultaneous parameter variation. Finally, the behaviour of the tide in the region and its sensitivities to changes in tidal boundary forcing and to local depth and friction variation in the narrow regions of the Malacca Strait is now much better understood. With most of the systematic errors reduced in the numerical model as a result of the sensitivity analysis, it is expected that the model can be applied to study tide-surge interaction and is much better suited for later application in combination with data assimilation techniques such as Kalman filtering for which systematic model errors should be minimal.

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Section: Earlier Tidal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Earlier Tidal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity analysis of the tidal representation in Singapore Regional Waters in a data assimilation environment

et al. 2011

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“…Geographically, the Strait of Singapore is connected to the South China Sea on the east, Java Sea and the northeastern Indian Ocean through the Malacca Strait on the west. Its current system is controlled by seasonal monsoons as the hydrodynamic pressure gradient between the two ends of the strait reverse seasonally; the net drift in the Strait of Singapore flows westward during winter monsoon and eastward during summer monsoon (Chen et al, 2005).…”

Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of anthropogenic Pb and Pb isotopes in the deep North Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean

Lee¹

2013

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, in partial fulfillment of the Requirement for the degree of Doctor of PhilosophyPb and Pb isotopes in the ocean have varied on decadal to centennial time scales due to anthropogenic Pb inputs. Thus, tracing the temporal variation of Pb and Pb isotopes in the ocean provides information on the major sources of Pb and the transport of Pb from sources to the ocean surface and into the ocean interior. In this thesis study, first, a method was developed for the analysis of dissolved Pb and other trace elements in seawater using single batch nitrilotriacetate resin extraction and isotope dilution ICP-MS, which was applied in analyzing seawater Pb concentrations in the rest of the study. A -550 year history of the Pb and Pb isotopes in the deep North Atlantic Ocean is reconstructed using a deep-sea coral, showing the infiltration of anthropogenic Pb to deep sea. Comparing the results to the surface North Atlantic Ocean Pb record using a Transit Time Distribution model, the mean transit time of Pb is estimated to be -64 years. This is longer than the transit time estimate assuming simple advection from a source, showing the importance of advective-diffusive mixing in the transport of Pb to the ocean interior. The later part of the thesis investigates Pb in the Indian Ocean, where no useful Pb data have been previously reported. First, using annually-banded surface growing corals, I reconstruct variations of Pb and isotopes in the surface waters of the central and eastern Indian Oceans during the past half-century. Results of the study show the increase of Pb concentrations from the mid-1970s, and major sources of the Pb are discussed, including leaded gasoline and coal burning, based on their emission histories and Pb isotope signatures. Second, Pb concentration and isotope profiles are presented from the northern and western Indian Oceans. AcknowledgementI would like to thank all the people who made this work possible. First, I owe a big thank to my advisor Ed Boyle. He taught me a lot about trace metal techniques, guided me to find right and important scientific questions whenever I was lost, and supported all my work. Not only that, he was also supportive of me having a family, very understanding and patient, which I cannot be grateful enough.I'd like to thank my committee: Bill Jenkins, Carl Lamborg, Phoebe Lam, and Konrad Hughen. Interests they showed during committee meetings were so inspiring and encouraging. I usually had this magical experience that my work, which looked so boring beforehand, turns into the most interesting one in the world after the committee meeting.I also would like to thank Jess Adkins and Selene Eltgroth, who provided the deep-sea coral and the radiocarbon data used in Chapter 3, and shared their expertise in deep-sea coral analysis with me. My work in Chapter 4 and 5 could not be completed without these people who helped me to collect corals and seawater samples from the Indian Ocean: Miriam Pfeiffer, Aron Meltzner, Kerry Sieh, Bambang Suwargadi, Danny Natawidjaja, Toshitaka Gamo, Hajim...

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“…Development of numerical hydrodynamic models for the Strait of Singapore has started since the 90s using two-dimensional models (Shankar et al 1997), followed by Chen et al (1997Chen et al ( , 2005, Chao et al (1999), Zhang and Gin (2000), Pang et al (2003), Zhang and Chan (2003), Doorn-Groen (2007), etc. In recent years, several progresses were made on a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the region (i.e., Zhang 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving hydrodynamic modeling of an estuary in a mixed tidal regime by grid refining and aligning

2011

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Water levels and flows in the Singapore coastal waters are driven by the complex interactions of the Indian and Pacific Ocean tides, seasonal monsoon-driven contributions and also forced by local winds. The Singapore Regional Model was developed to simulate hydrodynamics in the Strait of Singapore which produces representative sea level variation in this region. However, resolution and alignment of the grid system of the model with respect to depth contours in some of its subregions, i.e., the Johor Estuary area require further improvement. For this, the grid system of the model was modified and compared the simulated results with field measurements. The computed flow velocities agreed better with field observations when the grid resolution was increased. However, improving the alignment of the grid with the channel boundary (with a much lower increase in grid resolution) provided a substantially larger improvement of the model performance. The grid modification greatly influenced the computed salinity in the estuary, while water levels are slightly affected. Further analysis of model results showed a pronounced ebb tidal asymmetry generated by the O1-K1-M2 tidal constituents in the estuary.

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Circulation Modelling in the Strait of Singapore

Cited by 47 publications

References 2 publications

Sensitivity analysis of the tidal representation in Singapore Regional Waters in a data assimilation environment

Sensitivity analysis of the tidal representation in Singapore Regional Waters in a data assimilation environment

Evolution of anthropogenic Pb and Pb isotopes in the deep North Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean

Improving hydrodynamic modeling of an estuary in a mixed tidal regime by grid refining and aligning

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