Circulation in the surface and intermediate layers of the Black Sea

Oğuz, Temel; Latun, V.S.; Latif, M. A.; Vladimirov, V. V.; Sur, Halil İbrahim; Markov, Al.; Özsoy, Emi̇n; Kotovshchikov, B. B.; Eremeev, V; Ünlüata, Ümi̇t

doi:10.1016/0967-0637(93)90018-x

Cited by 259 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The main large-scale and mesoscale circulation features described in Sect. 2.3 were adequately reproduced by numerical model- ing, including the Black Sea Rim Current, the three quasistationary cyclonic gyres at the central divergence zone, and the four quasi-stationary anticyclonic gyres at the eastern part of the Black Sea near Sebastopol, Kerch, Batumi, and Gelendzhik (Oguz et al, 1992(Oguz et al, , 1993(Oguz et al, , 1995Stanev, 1995;Staneva et al, 2001). These features are visible in Fig.…”

Section: Model Validationsupporting

confidence: 49%

“…7, which shows the modeled Black Sea current field at a depth of 10 m projected on a uniform grid with 10 km spatial resolution and averaged for June 2011. The model also reproduced seasonal variations of sea surface circulation, in particular winter-spring intensification of the Rim Current, meandering of the main flow of the Rim Current caused by baroclinic instability, and formation of multiple nearshore anticyclonic eddies during summer at the eastern part of the Black Sea (Oguz et al, 1992(Oguz et al, , 1993Titov, 2002;Zatsepin et al, 2003;Enriquez et al, 2005). The simulated main flow of the Rim Current shifts offshore (approximately 45 km) in June and its speed decreases to 20 cm s −1 (Fig.…”

Section: Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…General water transport of the Black Sea is governed by a current system cyclonically circulating along the continental slope, which is generally referred to as the Black Sea Rim Current (e.g., Oguz et al, 1992Oguz et al, , 1993Kortotaev et al, 2003). The velocity of the Rim Current at the northeastern part of the Black Sea is 0.2-0.5 m s −1 .…”

Section: Coastal Circulation and Bathymetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Small river plumes off the northeastern coast of the Black Sea under average climatic and flooding discharge conditions

Osadchiev

Korshenko

2017

Ocean Sci.

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Abstract. This study focuses on the impact of discharges of small rivers on the delivery and fate of fluvial water and suspended matter at the northeastern part of the Black Sea under different local precipitation conditions. Several dozens of mountainous rivers flow into the sea at the study region, and most of them, except for several of the largest, have little annual runoff and affect adjacent coastal waters to a limited extent under average climatic conditions. However, the discharges of these small rivers are characterized by a quick response to precipitation events and can significantly increase during and shortly after heavy rains, which are frequent in the considered area. The delivery and fate of fluvial water and terrigenous sediments at the study region, under average climatic and rain-induced flooding conditions, were explored and compared using in situ data, satellite imagery, and numerical modeling. It was shown that the point-source spread of continental discharge dominated by several large rivers under average climatic conditions can change to the linesource discharge from numerous small rivers situated along the coast in response to heavy rains. The intense line-source runoff of water and suspended sediments forms a geostrophic alongshore current of turbid and freshened water, which induces the intense transport of suspended and dissolved constituents discharged with river waters in a northwestern direction. This process significantly influences water quality and causes active sediment load at large segments of the narrow shelf at the northeastern part of the Black Sea compared to average climatic discharge conditions.

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Section: Model Validationsupporting

confidence: 49%

Section: Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Coastal Circulation and Bathymetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Small river plumes off the northeastern coast of the Black Sea under average climatic and flooding discharge conditions

Osadchiev

Korshenko

2017

Ocean Sci.

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“…Interestingly, northwest and southwest stations only significantly varied in terms of density surfaces for O 2 disappearance and H 2 S onset. This is most likely a result of the effect of the Rim Current acting to deepen density surfaces in both the southwest and the northwest (Oguz et al, 1993;Ginzburg et al, 2002).…”

Section: Suboxic Zone Distributions and Maintenancementioning

confidence: 99%

Documenting the suboxic zone of the Black Sea via high-resolution real-time redox profiling

Glazer¹,

Luther²,

Konovalov³

et al. 2006

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

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We coupled an in situ electrochemical analyzer to a CTD pump profiler system to measure redox species across the oxic-anoxic interface of the Black Sea water column. Voltammetry was performed using gold-amalgam working electrodes to measure simultaneously oxygen and dissolved sulfur species (S 8 , S 2À x , HS À /H 2 S) both in situ (at o1 m vertical intervals) and in an on-deck flow cell attached to the outflow of a pump profiler (vertical resolution of about 1.5 m). In situ data agreed with measurements made in the flow cell and with measurements made from samples collected by rosette bottle casts. In situ voltammetry provided undisturbed, high-resolution measurements, and revealed significant yet subtle features not seen by traditional methods because of small spatial separation between the features and the measurements. Layers of oxygen intrusion (o5 m thick, from 10 to 150 mM O 2 ) were present within the suboxic zone of the southwest Black Sea that are not present in the west-central and northeast Black Sea. Oxygen injection also occurs at other depths throughout the southwest and corresponds with small temperature anomalies, suggesting influence by Bosporus inflow up to 150 km from its entrance to the Black Sea. Such an inflow of oxygen, as well as spatial variations of the halocline, affect both manganese and, subsequently, sulfide oxidation for a large portion of Black Sea intermediate water (H 2 S onset occured $60 m deeper in the southwest as compared to the west-central). In situ voltammetric analyses provided rapid redox information, thus enabling more accurate targeting of specific geochemical features by the CTD rosette package. r

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“…These open-sea areas constitute a partially isolated ecosystem in which water masses are separated from impacted coastal areas by a meandering "Rim Current" frontal zone (Oğuz et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Edi̇ger¹,

Beken²,

Feyzioglu³

et al. 2015

Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Benthic macroinvertebrates, macroalgae and phytoplankton constitute the Biological Quality Elements (BQE) proposed in the Water Framework Directive (WFD, 2000/60/EC) to be used for the classification of the ecological status of a water body.Chlorophyll-a is a usefull expression of phytoplankton biomass and this indicator is an effective and relevant BQE for coastal ecosystems which is universally accepted. In the present study, interpretations of the class boundaries according to normative definitions of WFD, are presented for chlorophyll-a in South Eastern (SE) Black Sea. Water quality classification was determined in five different categories as "high, good, moderate, poor and bad". The coastal waters of SE Black Sea were classified in 8 different typologies (K1-K8) based on depth, salinity and substratum types. In this study, types K1 and K2 (>17.5 salinity, >30 m depth) were considered because of availability of time-series data for those typologies. Sinop and Sürmene sites were selected due to the best available long-term chlorophyll-a data set, respectively over the period of 2002-2010 and 2001-2011 for chlorophyll-a respectively. Type specific chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) reference and threshold values were determined based on the 90th percentile of the long-term collected chlorophyll data set. Due to the high seasonal variability of phytoplankton biomass, the annual values were not considered adequate and the classification tool was developed on seasonal basis. The High/Good (H/G) and Good/Moderate (GM) boundaries were defined as seasonal from the long term data sets for Sürmene and Sinop sites. All the boundaries were higher at the Sinop site.Ecological quality ratios distributed between 0-1. It would be necessary to underline the fact that these class boundaries might be higher for waters where depths are below 30 m and salinity values are less than 17.5. However, there is not enough data to support this assumption for the near coast waters of the SE Black Sea. Eventhough Chl-a scaling can not be used as a single tool for the ecological quality classification it is a reliable approach to use the obtained boundaries at temporal and spatial scales for the quality classification of SE Black Sea waters above 30 m depth.

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Circulation in the surface and intermediate layers of the Black Sea

Cited by 259 publications

References 9 publications

Small river plumes off the northeastern coast of the Black Sea under average climatic and flooding discharge conditions

Small river plumes off the northeastern coast of the Black Sea under average climatic and flooding discharge conditions

Documenting the suboxic zone of the Black Sea via high-resolution real-time redox profiling

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