Circulation and dynamics of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea; quasi-synoptic data-driven simulations

Robinson, Allan R.; Golnaraghi, Maryam

doi:10.1016/0967-0645(93)90068-x

Cited by 61 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, the POEM group (e.g. Robinson et al, 1991;Robinson and Golnaraghi, 1993;Malanotte-Rizzoli et al, 1997), proposes a circulation diagram for AW that depicts major currents (the so-called "Atlantic Ionian Stream" and "Mid Mediterranean Jet") basically crossing the Ionian and the Levantine, and forming branches that flow clockwise in the northeastern Ionian and southeastern Levantine without any clear continuity at basin scale. Obviously, the POEM group did not consider the previous in situ or satellite data analyses, any basic argument, or any single satellite image contemporaneous to their experimental and theoretical works.…”

Section: Overall Circulation Of Awmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Circulation in the Mediterranean Sea: evidences, debates and unanswered questions

Millot¹

2005

Sci. Mar.

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SUMMARY:The overall counterclockwise alongslope circulation of Atlantic Water (AW) in the western basin of the Mediterranean Sea is now generally accepted. As the eastern basin displays similar general features, why is it generally assumed to function in a different way, and why is AW now said to circulate across the interior of the eastern basin? Relatively huge mesoscale anticyclonic eddies induced by the instability of the AW circulation in the south of the western basin have lifetimes up to several years. It is possible that they extend down to the sea bottom and play a major role in the distribution of all water masses. Why have apparently similar eddies generated in the eastern basin never received specific attention? Once formed, Mediterranean Waters (MWs) must spread and circulate before outflowing. Why have simple dynamical arguments for understanding the circulation of AW, such as the Coriolis effect, rarely been considered for the circulation of MWs? In this paper we address these major aspects of water circulation in the Mediterranean Sea. In order to be as objective and convincing as possible, and to write a paper that can be understood by as broad a readership as possible, we have chosen to present only raw data sets that can be easily interpreted by the reader without any help from the author. Based on the evidence provided by these data sets, we specify the current debates and list what we think are the main unanswered questions.

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Section: Overall Circulation Of Awmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nielsen, 1912;Ovchinnikov, 1966), the POEM group proposed diagrams that avoid considering any kind of feature in the south of the basin and depict currents or jets that cross the basin interior before eventually proceeding clockwise (e.g. Robinson et al, 1991;Robinson and Golnaraghi, 1993;Malanotte-Rizzoli et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulation in the Mediterranean Sea: evidences, debates and unanswered questions

Millot¹

2005

Sci. Mar.

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“…Recent physical and ecosystem modeling attempts (Robinson 1983, Robinson & Golnaraghi 1993, Malanotte-Rizzoli et al 1996 have pro-'E-mail: tamarzOinter.net.il "Order of author names alphabetical, except for first 3 names vided new insights into the role these eddies play in the dynamics and functioning of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Cold-core eddies are widely recognized as important sources of nutrients for new production, and within the oligotrophic Mediterranean 'desert' were labeled by Malanotte-Rizzoli (pers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Buildup of microbial biomass during deep winter mixing in a Mediterranean warm-core eddy

Zohary¹,

Brenner²,

Krom³

et al. 1998

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The Cyprus Eddy, a warm-core eddy southeast of Cyprus, was sampled towards the end of an exceptionally cold winter in early March 1992, within 4 d of a storm and w~thin 24 h of an intrusion of cold air. Depth profiles of temperature, salinity and dissolved nutrients showed an active deep mixed layer from the surface to ca 500 m at the core of the eddy, while at the eddy boundaries the mixed layer extended only to 150 m. Microb~al populations were evenly distributed over the entire upper 500 m at the core station, as iiidicated by chlorophy!! and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-determined pigment composition, by flow-cytometric analysis of the ultraphytoplankton, by direct counts of 4',6-diam~dino-2-phenylindole (DAP1)-stained bacter~a and %-thymidine measurements of bacterial activity. As far as we know, thls is the first deta~led description of the microbial populations in a warm-core eddy during the bloom season. The integrated water column chlorophyll content, 59 mg m-2 at the core and 45.5 mg m-2 at the boundary, was more than double the typical late autumn values, suggesting a bloom was occurring. Noticeably, this bloom was not delayed until the establishment of summer stratification as has been observed previously in warm-core eddies. While theoretical considerations based on the calculated critical depth at the core of about 300 m suggested that a bloom should not have occurred, our data jointly with previous data from the Cyprus Eddy support the hypothesis that interim periods of quiescence between mixlng events enable bloom development even when the mixing depth is greater than the critical depth. Added nutrients and dilution of grazers, both resulting from the deep mixing, probably contributed jointly to the enhanced productivity. Based on phytoplankton 11ght-shade adaptation features and cellular chlorophyll fluorescence per cell, we calculated that the rate of vertical mixing in the core was at least 30 m h-'

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“…Previous modelling studies in this area address the problem of the Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) formation process (Lascaratos and Nittis, 1998), using the Princeton primitive equation model (POM) and the simulation and understanding of the internal dynamics of the area, using a quasi-geostrophic modelling approach (Robinson and Golnaraghi, 1993;Golnaraghi, 1993). Both modelling efforts and a subsequent one by Lascaratos et al (1999), attempting to simulate the recent changes in the deep thermohaline circulation of the eastern Mediterranean, have been designed in a stand-alone model context.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A one-way nested eddy resolving model of the Aegean and Levantine basins: implementation and climatological runs

2003

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Abstract. The present study deals with the implementation of an eddy resolving model of the Levantine and Aegean basins and its one-way nesting with a coarse resolution (1/8 • × 1/8 • ) global Mediterranean general circulation model. The modelling effort is done within the framework of the Mediterranean Forecasting System Pilot Project as an initiative towards real-time forecasting within the eastern Mediterranean region.The performed climatological runs of the nested model have shown very promising results on the ability of the model to capture correctly the complex dynamics of the area and at the same time to demonstrate the skill and robustness of the nesting technique applied.A second aim of this study is to prepare a comprehensive climatological surface boundary conditions data set for the Mediterranean Sea. This data set has been developed within the framework of the same research project and is suitable for use in ocean circulation models of the Mediterranean Sea or parts of it. The computation is based on the ECMWF 6-h atmospheric parameters for the period 1979-1993 and a calibrated set of momentum and heat flux bulk formulae resulted from previous studies for the Mediterranean region.

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Circulation and dynamics of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea; quasi-synoptic data-driven simulations

Cited by 61 publications

References 21 publications

Circulation in the Mediterranean Sea: evidences, debates and unanswered questions

Circulation in the Mediterranean Sea: evidences, debates and unanswered questions

Buildup of microbial biomass during deep winter mixing in a Mediterranean warm-core eddy

A one-way nested eddy resolving model of the Aegean and Levantine basins: implementation and climatological runs

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