“…Many biomarkers regarding health status exist in the body fluids, including nucleic acids, proteins, enzymes, antibodies, vesicles, and cells (Bertrand et al, 2014;O'Connor et al, 2017;Hindson et al, 2013). In diagnostics, these biomarkers are used for early detection, disease prognosis, and therapeutic development (Tivey et al, 2022;Heitzer et al, 2019;Heikenfeld et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2016) (Wang et al, 2016;Heikenfeld et al, 2019;Heitzer et al, 2019;Tivey et al, 2022). For example, different types of microRNAs (miRNAs) contained in human blood or exosomes are promising cancer biomarkers, and certain groups of miRNAs are strongly related to the expression of specific cancer (Heikenfeld et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2016;Sajid et al, 2016;Purwidyantri et al, 2021) (Sajid et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2016;Heikenfeld et al, 2019;Purwidyantri et al, 2021).…”