Circulating Tumor Cells: From the Laboratory to the Cancer Clinic

Agashe, Ruchi; Kurzrock, Razelle

doi:10.3390/cancers12092361

Cited by 32 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…Despite the discovery of numerous CTC-specific CSMs, the main limitation that hampers existing CTC detection technologies is still the a priori knowledge of the exact protein composition on the CTCs surfaces, and the lack of a universal marker(s) to address the heterogeneity of CTCs in CRC [125,158,159]. The current gold-standard technique for CTC detection, the microscopic cell imaging, also presents many drawbacks such as the low number of markers, inability to analyze multiple markers simultaneously in routine use, long turnaround time (incompatible with the urgent need for delivery of treatment), and the requirements for specific laboratory instruments and professional expertise (pathologists) for data analysis [160,161].…”

Section: Challenges In Routine Implementation Of Ctc-specific Csm-dependent Crc Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Biopsy-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening via Surface Markers of Circulating Tumor Cells

et al. 2021

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is ranked second for cancer-related deaths worldwide with approximately half of the patients being diagnosed at the late stages. The untimely detection of CRC results in advancement to the metastatic stage and nearly 90% of cancer-related deaths. The early detection of CRC is crucial to decrease its overall incidence and mortality rates. The recent introduction of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has enabled a less invasive sampling method from liquid biopsies, besides revealing key information toward CRC metastasis. The current gold standard for CTC identification is the CellSearch® system (Veridex). This first-generation instrumentation relies on a single cell surface marker (CSM) to capture and count CTCs. Detection of CTCs allows the identification of patients at risk for metastasis, whereas CTC enumeration could improve risk assessment, monitoring of systemic therapy, and detection of therapy resistance in advanced metastatic CRC. In this review, we compared the pros and cons between single CSM-based CTC enrichment techniques and multi-marker-based systems. We also highlighted the challenges faced in the routine implementation of CSM-dependent CTC detection methods in CRC screening, prediction, prognosis, disease monitoring, and therapy selection toward precision medicine, as well as the dwelling on post-CTC analysis and characterization methods.

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Section: Challenges In Routine Implementation Of Ctc-specific Csm-dependent Crc Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Biopsy-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening via Surface Markers of Circulating Tumor Cells

et al. 2021

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“…Genetic mutations arising in CTCs can be characterized by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or next generation sequencing (NGS) on a single cell basis as well as by fluorescencein-situ-hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry. [23,25,[35][36][37].…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Ctcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(adapted from Jiang et al [32] Before entering the blood stream, CTCs are required to undergo epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in order to traverse the endothelial lining of small blood vessels and capillaries [37]. The CTCs have a much larger diameter than the diameter of a capillary and need to become deformable.…”

Section: Left Hand Panel: a Section Of Histologically Normal Ciliated Bronchial Epithelial Cells Overlying Adenocarcinoma Of Bronchial Ormentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer via Liquid Biopsy Highlighting a Fluorescence-in-situ-Hybridization Circulating Tumor Cell Approach

Ye¹,

Xiao²,

Carbone³

et al. 2021

Pathology - From Classics to Innovations

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Lung cancer (LC), is the most common and lethal cancer worldwide. It affects both sexes and in its early stages is clinically silent, until it reaches a more advanced stage, when it becomes highly incurable. In order to improve the high mortality associated with LC there has been an urgent need for screening high risk patients by low dose CT scan (LDCT) for the early detection of small resectable malignant tumors. However, while highly sensitive to detect small lung nodules, LDCT is non-specific, resulting in a compelling need for a complementary diagnostic tool. For example, a non-invasive blood test or liquid biopsy, (LB), could prove quite useful to confirm a diagnosis of malignancy prior to definitive therapy. With the advent of LB becoming increasingly clinically accepted in the diagnosis and management of LC, there has been an explosion of publications highlighting new technologies for the isolation of and detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell free tumor DNA (cfDNA). The enormous potential for LB to play an important role in the diagnosis and management of LC to obtain valuable diagnostic information via an approach that may yield equivalent information to a surgical biopsy, regarding the presence of cancer and its molecular landscape is described.

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“…Once in circulation, their half-life is between 1–2.5 h, which is due, among other things, to attacks by the immune system. Nevertheless, a small number of CTCs survive and give rise to distant metastatic disease [ 15 ]. CTCs can circulate in the bloodstream individually or in clusters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical Challenges for CTC Implementation in Breast Cancer

Ramos-Medina

López-Tarruella

Monte-Millán

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Breast cancer is the most common neoplasm in women worldwide. Tissue biopsy, currently the gold standard to obtain tumor molecular information, is invasive and might be affected by tumor heterogeneity rendering it incapable to portray the complete dynamic picture by the absence of specific genetic changes during the evolution of the disease. In contrast, liquid biopsy can provide unique opportunities for real-time monitoring of disease progression, treatment response and for studying tumor heterogeneity combining the information of DNA that tumors spread in the blood (circulating tumor DNA) with CTCs analysis. In this review, we analyze the technical and biological challenges for isolation and characterization of circulating tumor cells from breast cancer patients. Circulating tumor cell (CTC) enumeration value is included in numerous clinical studies due to the prognostic’s role of these cells. Despite this, there are so many questions pending to answer. How to manage lymphocytes background, how to distinguish the CTCs subtypes or how to work with frozen samples, are some of the issues that will discuss in this review. Based on our experience, we try to address these issues and other technical limitations that should be solved to optimize the standardization of protocols, sample extraction procedures, circulating-tumor material isolation (CTCs vs. ctDNA) and the very diverse methodologies employed, aiming to consolidate the use of CTCs in the clinic. Furthermore, we think that new approaches focusing on isolation CTCs in other body fluids such as cerebrospinal or ascitic fluid are necessary to increase the opportunities of circulating tumor cells in the practice clinic as well as to study the promising role of CTC clusters and their prognostic value in metastatic breast cancer.

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Circulating Tumor Cells: From the Laboratory to the Cancer Clinic

Cited by 32 publications

References 62 publications

Liquid Biopsy-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening via Surface Markers of Circulating Tumor Cells

Liquid Biopsy-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening via Surface Markers of Circulating Tumor Cells

Diagnosis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer via Liquid Biopsy Highlighting a Fluorescence-in-situ-Hybridization Circulating Tumor Cell Approach

Technical Challenges for CTC Implementation in Breast Cancer

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