Circulating tumor cell interactions with macrophages: implications for biology and treatment

Hamilton, Gerhard; Rath, Barbara H.

doi:10.21037/tlcr.2017.07.04

Cited by 55 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 133 publications

(150 reference statements)

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“…Homing of CTC is a multistep process by which, increasing gradients of homing‐signals attract CTC to PMN . It is observed, that chemokine ligands on CTC surfaces contribute to organotropism by attraction to specific organ sites expressing the respective receptors . Furthermore, TSE taken up by CTC are described as “homing‐pigeons,” as they conduct communication between the primary tumor and the PMN …”

Section: Circulating Tumor Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Premetastatic niches, exosomes and circulating tumor cells: Early mechanisms of tumor dissemination and the relation to surgery

Raskov

Orhan

Salanti

et al. 2020

Intl Journal of Cancer

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The physiological stress response to surgery promotes wound healing and functional recovery and includes the activation of neural, inflammatory and proangiogenic signaling pathways. Paradoxically, the same pathways also promote metastatic spread and growth of residual cancer. Human and animal studies show that cancer surgery can increase survival, migration and proliferation of residual tumor cells. To secure the survival and growth of disseminated tumor cells, the formation of premetastatic niches in target organs involves a complex interplay between microenvironment, immune system, circulating tumor cells, as well as chemical mediators and exosomes secreted by the primary tumor. This review describes the current understanding of the early mechanisms of dissemination, as well as how surgery may facilitate disease progression.

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Section: Circulating Tumor Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Premetastatic niches, exosomes and circulating tumor cells: Early mechanisms of tumor dissemination and the relation to surgery

Raskov

Orhan

Salanti

et al. 2020

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…However, there were some limitations for CTC applications. The one was that the released CTCs number in different tumor types were quite disparity [ 10 ]. For example, inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is characterized by high vascularity and increased microvessel density which may increase the chance for the CTCs release [ 11 ].…”

Section: The Viable Ctcs With Cscs Feature For Functional Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The viable circulating tumor cells with cancer stem cells feature, where is the way out?

Luo

Cheng

Xiao

et al. 2018

J Exp Clin Cancer Res

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With cancer stem cells (CSCs) became the research hotspot, emerging studies attempt to reveal the functions of these special subsets in tumorigenesis. Although various approaches have been used in CSCs researches, only a few could really reflect or simulate the microenvironment in vivo. At present, CSCs theories are still difficult to apply for clinical remedy because CSCs subpopulations are always hard to identify and trace. Thus an ideal approach for clinicians and researchers is urgently needed. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), as the method of noninvasive-liquid biopsy, could be detected in the peripheral blood (PB) from many tumors and even could be treated as procurators for CSCs deeper researches from patient-derived sample. However, CTCs, as a diagnostic marker, also raise much controversy over theirs clinical value. Mechanisms causing CTCs to shed from the tumor have not been fully characterized, thus it is unclear whether CTCs represent the entire makeup of cancer cells in the tumor or only a subset. The heterogeneity of CTCs also caused different clinical outcomes. To overcome these unsolved problems, recently, CTC researches are not just depend on enumerations, whereas those CTC subsets that could expand in vitro may play a pivotal role in the metastatic cascade. Here, we retrospect the CTC developmental history and discourse upon the enrichment of viable CTCs in functional assays, probe the further avenue at the crossroad.

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“…However, EpCAM‐based approaches are not suitable for identification of CTCs that have undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition . EpCAM‐based approaches also have limited efficacy in isolation of heterotypic C‐ETACs for the same reason: EpCAM+ cells in viable C‐ETACs can be obscured from detection due to sequestration with a plethora of cells such as post‐EMT CTCs, tumor‐associated T‐lymphocytes (TAL), TAM and CSCs . The C‐ETAC isolation process used in our approach is neither microfluidic nor epitope‐based and is hence unaffected by the limitations of the respective approaches.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating ensembles of tumor‐associated cells: A redoubtable new systemic hallmark of cancer

Akolkar

Patil

Crook

et al. 2019

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Circulating ensembles of tumor-associated cells (C-ETACs) which comprise tumor emboli, immune cells and fibroblasts pose well-recognized risks of thrombosis and aggressive metastasis. However, the detection, prevalence and characterization of C-ETACs have been impaired due to methodological difficulties. Our findings show extensive pan-cancer prevalence of C-ETACs on a hitherto unreported scale in cancer patients and virtual undetectability in asymptomatic individuals. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from blood samples of 16,134 subjects including 5,509 patients with epithelial malignancies in various organs and 10,625 asymptomatic individuals with age related higher cancer risk. PBMCs were treated with stabilizing reagents to protect and harvest apoptosis-resistant C-ETACs, which are defined as cell clusters comprising at least three EpCAM + and CK + cells irrespective of leucocyte common antigen (CD45) status. All asymptomatic individuals underwent screening investigations for malignancy including PAP smear, mammography, low-dose computed tomography, evaluation of cancer antigen 125, cancer antigen 19-9, alpha fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels and clinical examination to identify healthy individuals with no indication of cancer. C-ETACs were detected in 4,944 (89.8%, 95% CI: 89.0-90.7%) out of 5,509 cases of cancer. C-ETACs were detected in 255 (3%, 95% CI: 2.7-3.4%) of the 8,493 individuals with no abnormal findings in screening. C-ETACs were detected in 137 (6.4%, 95% CI: 5.4-7.4%) of the 2,132 asymptomatic individuals with abnormal results in one or more screening tests. Our study shows that heterotypic C-ETACs are ubiquitous in epithelial cancers irrespective of radiological, metastatic or therapy status. C-ETACs thus qualify to be a systemic hallmark of cancer.Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article.

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Circulating tumor cell interactions with macrophages: implications for biology and treatment

Cited by 55 publications

References 133 publications

Premetastatic niches, exosomes and circulating tumor cells: Early mechanisms of tumor dissemination and the relation to surgery

Premetastatic niches, exosomes and circulating tumor cells: Early mechanisms of tumor dissemination and the relation to surgery

The viable circulating tumor cells with cancer stem cells feature, where is the way out?

Circulating ensembles of tumor‐associated cells: A redoubtable new systemic hallmark of cancer

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