Circulating Oxidized LDL Is Associated With Subclinical Atherosclerosis Development and Inflammatory Cytokines (AIR Study)

Abstract

Objective-Circulating oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL) is associated with clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis. However, no previous study has examined the relationship between subclinical atherosclerosis and Ox-LDL. The aims of the present study were to investigate the relationship between clinically silent ultrasound-assessed atherosclerotic changes in the carotid and femoral arteries and Ox-LDL and to explore the relationship between Ox-LDL, C-reactive protein, and the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-␣. Methods and Results-The study group (nϭ391) consisted of clinically healthy, 58-year-old men recruited from the general population. Ox-LDL was measured by using a specific monoclonal antibody, mAb-4E6. The results showed that Ox-LDL was related to intima-media thickness and plaque occurrence in the carotid and femoral arteries. In addition, Ox-LDL was associated with tumor necrosis factor-␣ and C-reactive protein. Circulating Ox-LDL was also associated with LDL cholesterol but not with blood pressure or smoking. When adjusting for other risk factors, both LDL cholesterol and Ox-LDL seemed to be independent predictors of plaque occurrence in the carotid and femoral arteries (odds ratios for quintile 5 versus quintile 1 were 2.17, Pϭ0.049 and 2.25, Pϭ0.050, for LDL cholesterol and Ox-LDL, respectively). Conclusions-Ox-LDL was associated with both subclinical atherosclerosis and inflammatory variables, supporting the concept that oxidatively modified LDL may play a major role in atherosclerosis development, although no causality can be shown in this cross-sectional study.

Circulating oxidized low-density lipoproteins are associated with overweight, obesity, and low serum carotenoids in older community-dwelling women

“…Coronary heart disease was also associated with a higher ox-LDL/LDLcholesterol ratio, which is consistent with previous studies [2][3][4]. Women with cancer also had a higher ox-LDL/LDL-cholesterol ratio than women without cancer in this study, which is consistent with a previous study that showed elevated ox-LDL in women with breast or ovarian cancer [30].…”

“…Oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) are taken up by scavenger receptors on macrophages and contribute to the formation of foam cells and atherosclerotic lesions [1]. Elevated circulating ox-LDL are associated with more severe atherosclerotic lesions [2], and high circulating levels of ox-LDL have been shown to be independently predictive of subclinical atherosclerosis [3] and acute coronary heart disease [4].…”

“…Oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) are taken up by scavenger receptors on macrophages and contribute to the formation of foam cells and atherosclerotic lesions [1]. Elevated circulating ox-LDL are associated with more severe atherosclerotic lesions [2], and high circulating levels of ox-LDL have been shown to be independently predictive of subclinical atherosclerosis [3] and acute coronary heart disease [4].Obesity is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular disease [5]. Both abdominal obesity and general obesity (body mass index >30 kg/m 2 ) were shown to be independently associated with circulating ox-LDL among men and women, aged in Spain [6].…”

Effects of Proteasome Inhibition on the Kidney in Experimental Hypercholesterolemia

“…Circulating Ox-LDL (Mercodia, Uppsala, Sweden), ET-1 levels, and systemic SOD (Cayman Chemical Company, Ann Arbor, MI) activity were measured in plasma using spectrophotometric enzyme immunoassay kits, following detailed vendor instructions (16,21).…”

Gemfibrozil decreases atherosclerosis in experimental diabetes in association with a reduction in oxidative stress and inflammation

“…Both low HDL and increased LDL concentrations have independently been associated with increased cardiovascular risk [15]. Furthermore, there is a vast array of evidence to support a proatherogenic role for LDL, particularly oxidised LDL [16] and an anti-atherogenic role for HDL [17,18]. Thus, improvements in the lipid profile per se would be anticipated to lead to a reduction in cardiovascular risk.…”