Circulating microRNAs as Biomarkers, Therapeutic Targets, and Signaling Molecules

Ajit, Seena K.

doi:10.3390/s120303359

Cited by 144 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…The use of a combination of several miRNAs as biomarkers, instead of a unique miRNA, has been indicated as a more powerful option due to the possible overlap in miRNA targeting (31). In this way, we sought to use a combination of miRNAs with good diagnostic performance that was also able to discriminate between the two polar forms of leprosy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of MicroRNA Expression Profiles and Identification of Potential Biomarkers in Leprosy

et al. 2017

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Leprosy is an important cause of disability in the developing world. Early diagnosis is essential to allow for cure and to interrupt transmission of this infection. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important factors for host-pathogen interaction and they have been identified as biomarkers for various infectious diseases. The expression profile of 377 microRNAs were analyzed by TaqMan low-density array (TLDA) in skin lesions of tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy patients as well as skin specimens from healthy controls. In a second step, 16 microRNAs were selected for validation experiments with reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) in skin samples from new individuals. Principal-component analysis followed by logistic regression model and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to evaluate the diagnostic potential of selected miRNAs. Four patterns of differential expression were identified in the TLDA experiment, suggesting a diagnostic potential of miRNAs in leprosy. After validation experiments, a combination of four miRNAs (miR-101, miR-196b, miR-27b, and miR-29c) was revealed as able to discriminate between healthy control and leprosy patients with 80% sensitivity and 91% specificity. This set of miRNAs was also able to discriminate between lepromatous and tuberculoid patients with a sensitivity of 83% and 80% specificity. In this work, it was possible to identify a set of miRNAs with good diagnostic potential for leprosy.KEYWORDS biomarker, leprosy, miRNA L eprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium leprae. The infection affects primarily the skin and can cause damage to peripheral nerves, mucosa, and other organs, including liver and eyes. Leprosy is classified as a neglected tropical disease and remains one of the main causes of disability in the world (1-3). According to a World Health Organization (WHO) report including data from 138 countries, 211,974 newly diagnosed patients were notified in the year 2015 and 96% of them were reported from 22 countries, including Brazil (4).Leprosy presents a spectrum of clinical manifestations depending on the host immune response against M. leprae. It can be classified according to histopathological (Ridley-Jopling) criteria into different forms across two opposing poles: a so-called resistance pole responsible for a localized form of the disease (tuberculoid tuberculoid [TT]) and a susceptibility pole that is a disseminated form, which leads to the development of more severe clinical manifestations (lepromatous leprosy [LL]). There are also three intermediate and unstable forms: borderline tuberculoid (BT), borderline

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…miRNAs have also been identified as endogenous molecules with differential expression profiles under pathological conditions. Due to their characteristic and stability, they have been suggested as potential disease biomarkers (31,32).…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of MicroRNA Expression Profiles and Identification of Potential Biomarkers in Leprosy

et al. 2017

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“…Prometheus Laboratories and Rosetta Genomics have launched a laboratory test intended to discover the source of cancer metastasis by its miRNA profile. Asuragen has also developed tests to diagnose pancreatic cancer (77 ). Efforts to identify miRNAs whose expression in the blood reflects the current status or future progression of atherosclerotic plaques are ongoing, as we reviewed in the circulating miRNA section (20,66,68,72 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNAs in the Atherosclerotic Plaque

2013

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BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNA, miR) are noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by hindering translation. miRNA expression profiles have been shown to differ in vivo and in vitro in many cellular processes associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The progression of CVDs has also been shown to alter the blood miRNA profile in humans. CONTENT:We summarize the results of animal and cell experiments concerning the miRNA profile in the atherosclerotic process and the changes which occur in the blood miRNA profile of individuals with CVD. We also survey the relationship of these CVD-related miRNAs and their expression in the human advanced atherosclerotic plaque, thereby providing more insight into miRNA function in human atherosclerotic lesions. The miRNAs miR-126, -134, -145, -146a, -198, -210, -340*, and -92a were found to be expressed differently in the blood of individuals affected and unaffected by CVD. These differences paralleled those seen in tissue comparisons of miRNA expression in advanced atherosclerotic plaques and healthy arteries. Furthermore, several miRNAs associated with atherosclerosis in in vitro studies (such as miR-10a, -126, -145, -146a/b, -185, -210, and -326) were expressed in plaques in a similar pattern as was predicted by the in vitro experiments. The clinical implications of miRNAs in atherosclerosis as biomarkers and as possible drug targets are also reviewed.

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“…Although PCOS is the most common endocrine disorder in women [2], few susceptibility genes have been repeatedly associated with the syndrome [35]. miRNAs are already being used commercially as disease biomarkers in oncology [17]. There is evidence for the use miRNAs as biomarkers in a wide range of diseases including prostate cancer [36], cardiac disease [37], acute kidney injury [38], and Alzheimer's disease [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to follicular fluid, miRNAs have been identified in other human bodily fluids [14] including serum [15], urine [15], and saliva [16]. A commercially available miRNA panel is being used clinically in oncology as a disease biomarker and miRNAs are being investigated as a therapeutic target in many disease states [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered microRNA and gene expression in the follicular fluid of women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Roth

McCallie

Alvero

et al. 2014

J Assist Reprod Genet

156

127

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Purpose To determine if microRNAs are differentially expressed in the follicular fluid of women with PCOS compared to fertile oocyte donors and identify associated altered gene expression. Methods Women undergoing IVF who met Rotterdam criteria for PCOS or who were fertile oocyte donors were recruited from a private IVF center. Individual follicle fluid was collected at the time of oocyte retrieval. MicroRNA analysis was performed using microarray and validated using real-time PCR on additional samples. Potential gene targets were identified and their expression analyzed by real time PCR. Results Microarray profiling of human follicular fluid revealed expression of 235 miRNAs, 29 were differentially expressed between the groups. Using PCR validation, 5 miRNAs (32, 34c, 135a, 18b, and 9) showed significantly increased expression in the PCOS group. Pathway analysis revealed genes involved in insulin regulation and inflammation. Three potential target genes were found to have significantly decreased expression in the PCOS group (interleukin 8, synaptogamin 1, and insulin receptor substrate 2).Conclusions MicroRNAs are differentially expressed in the follicular fluid of women with PCOS when compared to fertile oocyte donors. There is also altered expression of potential target genes associated with the PCOS phenotype.

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Circulating microRNAs as Biomarkers, Therapeutic Targets, and Signaling Molecules

Cited by 144 publications

References 59 publications

Characterization of MicroRNA Expression Profiles and Identification of Potential Biomarkers in Leprosy

Characterization of MicroRNA Expression Profiles and Identification of Potential Biomarkers in Leprosy

MicroRNAs in the Atherosclerotic Plaque

Altered microRNA and gene expression in the follicular fluid of women with polycystic ovary syndrome

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