Circulating Levels of IL-13, TGF-β1, and Periostin as Potential Biomarker for Coronary Artery Disease with Acute Heart Failure

Abstract

Objective. Coronary artery disease (CAD) and associated comorbidities such as heart failure (HF) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, attributed to, at least partially, the lack of biomarkers for efficient disease diagnosis. The study intended to explore potential biomarkers for predicting the presence of HF in CAD patients. Methods. According to the presence of HF, 83 CAD patients with HF were assigned to the AHF group and 52 CAD patients without HF to the CAD group. Additionally, healthy controls (n = 52) were those who had received physical examinations at the same period. The serum levels of IL-13, TGF-β1, and periostin were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD), left ventricle-end diastolic volume (LVEDV), and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were detected 3 times by color Doppler ultrasound. The predictive values of IL-13, TGF-β1, and periostin methods were compared by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and the area under the curve (AUC). Results. Increased levels of IL-13, TGF-β1, and periostin were noted in the AHF group than in the control and CAD groups ( p < 0.001 ); the CAD group showed higher levels of IL-13, TGF-β1, and periostin than the control group ( p < 0.001 ). Based on the NYHA classification, there were 33 cases with grade II, 28 cases with grade III, and 22 cases with grade IV among 83 CAD patients with HF. It was found that the serum levels of IL-13, TGF-β1, and periostin were higher in the AHF-IV group than in the AHF-III and AHF-II groups ( p < 0.001 ); these levels were also higher in the AHF-III group than in the AHF-II group ( p < 0.001 ). The periostin level was positively correlated with the levels of IL-13 (r = 0.458) and TGF-β1 (r = 0.569) in CAD patients with AHF. Besides, the serum levels of periostin (r = -0.425), IL-13 (r = -0.341), and TGF-β1 (r = -0.435) were negatively correlated with the LVEF of CAD patients with AHF, respectively. When IL-13, TGF-β1, and periostin levels were used to predict the presence of AHF in CAD patients in combination, the sensitivity and specificity were 75.9% and 90.38%, respectively, with the AUC of 0.906 (95% CI: 0.912–0.996). Conclusion. These data reveal that IL-13, TGF-β1, and periostin levels might be associated with the occurrence of AHF in CAD patients and their combination shows the predictive value for the presence of AHF in CAD patients.

The comprehensive study on the role of POSTN in fetal congenital heart disease and clinical applications

“…Although there have been no prior studies on POSTN in fetal diseases or its expression in GS and AF, many studies have reported differential expression of POSTN (usually up-regulated) in heart valvulogenes [ 13 ], myocardial fibrosis [ 14 ], coronary artery disease [ 15 ], acute myocardial injury [ 16 ], allergic disease, inflammation, and cancer [ 17 ]. In line with prior research [ 18 ], our study emphasizes the significance of POSTN, a non-structural ECM protein, in influencing cellular behavior, and regulating ECM homeostasis.…”

Response by Zhang and Ji to Letter Regarding Article, “HINT1 (Histidine Triad Nucleotide-Binding Protein 1) Attenuates Cardiac Hypertrophy Via Suppressing HOXA5 (Homeobox A5) Expression”

“…In addition, the increased TGF-β1 secretion may not only result in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes by autocrine effects, but also force fibroblast conversion to myofibroblasts in a paracrine manner, leading to fibrosis of the ventricular wall, reduction of the compliance of the ventricular wall, and heart failure. 4 Recently, Qiu et al 5 found that TGF-β1 level was increased in patients with acute heart failure compared with control groups, which demonstrates that circulating TGF-β1 is considered as a potential biomarker for failure.…”

“…Recently, Qiu et al 5 found that TGF-β1 level was increased in patients with acute heart failure compared with control groups, which demonstrates that circulating TGF-β1 is considered as a potential biomarker for failure.…”

Tissue and Serum Biomarkers in Degenerative Aortic Stenosis-Insights into Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapy

“…It decreases together with a reduction in myocardial fibrosis in hearts unloaded both clinically (LVAD) and experimentally in mice (aortic arch de-banding) [ 22 ]. It is also a potential marker biomarker for coronary artery disease with acute heart failure [ 23 ]. Furthermore patients with CAD had higher levels than controls at similar ages (around 63 y).…”