Circulating IGF-1 Independently Predicts Blood Pressure in Children With Higher Calcium-Phosphorus Product Levels

Abstract

Objective To study the association between insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and blood pressure in children, in particular, the potential interaction with the serum calcium-phosphorus product (Ca*P). Methods A longitudinal study included 521 children (age 8.8 ± 0.1) from northeastern Spain, of whom 158 were followed-up after 5 years. IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), and serum calcium and phosphorus were measured at baseline. Anthropometric (body-mass index [BMI] and waist) and cardiometabolic variables (systolic [SBP] and diastolic blood pressure), pulse pressure, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR], high-density lipoprotein [HDL]-cholesterol, and triglycerides) were assessed at baseline and at the end of follow-up. Statistical analysis included Pearson correlations followed by multivariable linear regression analyses. Results Baseline IGF-1 and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 molar ratio positively correlated with baseline and follow-up BMI, waist, SBP, pulse pressure, insulin, HOMA-IR and triglycerides (r 0.138-0.603; all P < 0.05). The associations with SBP were stronger with increasing Ca*P (r 0.261-0.625 for IGF-1; and r 0.174-0.583 for IGF-1/IGFBP-3). After adjusting for confounding variables, baseline IGF-1 and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 remained independently associated with both baseline and follow-up SBP in children in the highest Ca*P tertile (β = 0.245-0.381; P < 0.01; model R2 = 0.246-0.566). Conclusions Our results suggest that IGF-1 in childhood is an independent predictor of SBP in apparently healthy children, especially in those with high Ca*P levels.

Association between insulin‐like growth factor‐1 and systolic blood pressure in children and adolescents with short stature

“…Our findings are consistent with the results of a recently reported study, 24 a prospective longitudinal study conducted in a primary care facility of 521 children in Girona, which showed that IGF-1 is positively associated with SBP. These conflicting results may be attributed to differences in population characteristics, sample size, and confounder adjustment.…”

“…When the level of the IGF‐1 SDS exceeds a certain range, the relationship between IGF‐1 and SBP is significant. This is consistent with a previous report that the relationship between IGF‐1 and SBP is due to high levels of IGF‐1, 15 , 24 but in their study, they did not obtain the range of IGF‐1 levels. Our study shows that when the level of the IGF‐1 SDS is greater than −2.91, there is a positive association between IGF‐1 and SBP in children and adolescents with short stature.…”

“…These findings include positive, 20 negative, 21 or neutral 22 relationships between blood pressure and IGF‐1 in adults. Additionally, in children, inconsistent results for blood pressure and IGF‐1 have been reported 23–25 . A neutral 23 or positive relationship 24 was observed between blood pressure and IGF‐1 in healthy children.…”

“…Conflicting reports concerning the relationship between blood pressure and IGF‐1 highlight the complexity of understanding the vascular function of IGF‐1 20–25 . These findings include positive, 20 negative, 21 or neutral 22 relationships between blood pressure and IGF‐1 in adults.…”

The Insight into Insulin-Like Growth Factors and Insulin-Like Growth-Factor-Binding Proteins and Metabolic Profile in Pediatric Obesity

“…Insulin correlated positively with IGFBP3 in OGTT and negatively with IGFBP1 and IGFBP2. However, other studies also indicate the positive correlation between IGFBP3 and insulin level [ 54 ]. It seems likely that IGFBP1 and IGFBP2 have a beneficial effect on the risk of developing diabetes [ 55 , 56 ].…”