Circulating IgE in Patients with Ordinary and Crusted Scabies

Arlian, Larry G.; Morgan, Marjorie S.; Estes, Stephen A.; Walton, Shelley F.; Kemp, David J.; Currie, Bart J.

doi:10.1603/0022-2585-41.1.74

Cited by 60 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…Previous studies have used aqueous extracts of scabies mite whole body homogenates to demonstrate that these mites are the sources of many antigenic and allergenic proteins (Arlian et al 1988a(Arlian et al , 1991(Arlian et al , 1996b(Arlian et al , 2004aMorgan and Arlian 1994;Morgan et al 1997;Arlian and Morgan 2000;Schumann et al 2001) as well as to demonstrate that these mites produce molecules that are able to modulate the immune response of an infested host (Arlian et al 1996c(Arlian et al , 2003(Arlian et al , 2004a(Arlian et al , 2007Elder et al 2006Elder et al , 2009Lalli et al 2004;Bergstrom et al 2009;Arlian 2009, 2010;Mullins et al 2009;Mika et al 2012;Morgan et al 2013;Reynolds et al 2014;Swe and Fischer 2014). The molecules responsible for the observed antigenic and immunomodulatory activities of scabies mite extracts have not been identified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of immunoblotting studies have reported the molecular weights of various antigens recognized by the antibodies in the serum from scabies-infested hosts Arlian et al 1996aArlian et al , 2004aMorgan et al 1997;Arlian and Morgan 2000;Schumann et al 2001;Tarigan and Huntley 2005;Yadav et al 2006;Zalunardo et al 2006;Casais et al 2007;Rambozzi et al 2007;Rodriguez-Cadenas et al 2010;Hejduk et al 2011;Jakubek et al 2012). Yet little data identifying the proteins involved have been reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Proteomic Analysis ofSarcoptes scabiei(Acari: Sarcoptidae)

et al. 2016

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The pruritic skin disease scabies is caused by the burrowing of the itch mite Sarcoptes scabiei (De Geer). It is difficult to diagnose this disease because its symptoms often resemble those of other skin diseases. No reliable blood or molecular diagnostic test is available. The aim of this project was to begin to characterize the scabies proteome to identify scabies mite proteins, including those that may be useful in the development of a diagnostic test or vaccine. Various scabies mite extracts were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis, and 844 Coomassie Blue-stained protein spots were excised, subjected to trypsin digestion, and analyzed by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-Of-Flight/Time-Of-Flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). Tryptic fragment sequences determined by MS were searched against the recently completed S. scabiei annotated genome, leading to the identification of >150 proteins. Only 10 proteins hit to previously identified scabies proteins including actin, tropomyosin, and several ABC transporters. Thirteen proteins had homology to dust mite allergens (members of groups 8, 10, 13, 17, 20, 25, and 28). Most other sequences showed some homology to proteins in other mites and ticks including homologs of calmodulin, calreticulin, lipocalin, and glutathione-Stransferase. These data will now allow the identification of the proteins to which scabies patients produce antibodies, including those that may be good candidates for inclusion in a diagnostic test and vaccine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Proteomic Analysis ofSarcoptes scabiei(Acari: Sarcoptidae)

et al. 2016

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“…Studies document that scabies mite infestation causes the production of measurable antibodies in infested host species (4,40). Furthermore, host IgG has been demonstrated in the anterior midgut and esophagus of fresh mites (94,114).…”

Section: Antibody Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Problems in Diagnosing Scabies, a Global Disease in Human and Animal Populations

2007

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SUMMARY Scabies is a worldwide disease and a major public health problem in many developing countries, related primarily to poverty and overcrowding. In remote Aboriginal communities in northern Australia, prevalences of up to 50% among children have been described, despite the availability of effective chemotherapy. Sarcoptic mange is also an important veterinary disease engendering significant morbidity and mortality in wild, domestic, and farmed animals. Scabies is caused by the ectoparasitic mite Sarcoptes scabiei burrowing into the host epidermis. Clinical symptoms include intensely itchy lesions that often are a precursor to secondary bacterial pyoderma, septicemia, and, in humans, poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Although diagnosed scabies cases can be successfully treated, the rash of the primary infestation takes 4 to 6 weeks to develop, and thus, transmission to others often occurs prior to therapy. In humans, the symptoms of scabies infestations can mimic other dermatological skin diseases, and traditional tests to diagnose scabies are less than 50% accurate. To aid early identification of disease and thus treatment, a simple, cheap, sensitive, and specific test for routine diagnosis of active scabies is essential. Recent developments leading to the expression and purification of S. scabiei recombinant antigens have identified a number of molecules with diagnostic potential, and current studies include the investigation and assessment of the accuracy of these recombinant proteins in identifying antibodies in individuals with active scabies and in differentiating those with past exposure. Early identification of disease will enable selective treatment of those affected, reduce transmission and the requirement for mass treatment, limit the potential for escalating mite resistance, and provide another means of controlling scabies in populations in areas of endemicity.

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“…Western blotting with plasma from these patients demonstrated that 6 of 7 individuals had strong IgE binding to S. scabiei var. canis protein extracts (2). Immunochemical studies have previously demonstrated that sera from rabbits infested with S. scabiei var.…”

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Increased Allergic Immune Response toSarcoptes scabieiAntigens in Crusted versus Ordinary Scabies

Walton

Pizzutto

Slender

et al. 2010

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Scabies, a parasitic skin infestation by the burrowing "itch" mite Sarcoptes scabiei, causes significant health problems for children and adults worldwide. Crusted scabies is a particularly severe form of scabies in which mites multiply into the millions, causing extensive skin crusting. The symptoms and signs of scabies suggest host immunity to the scabies mite, but the specific resistant response in humans remains largely uncharacterized. We used 4 scabies mite recombinant proteins with sequence homology to extensively studied house dust mite allergens to investigate a differential immune response between ordinary scabies and the debilitating crusted form of the disease. Subjects with either disease form showed serum IgE against recombinant S. scabiei cysteine and serine proteases and apolipoprotein, whereas naive subjects showed minimal IgE reactivity. Significantly (P < 0.05) greater serum IgE and IgG4 binding to mite apolipoprotein occurred in subjects with crusted scabies than in those with ordinary scabies. Both subject groups showed strong proliferative responses (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) to the scabies antigens, but the crusted scabies group showed increased secretion of the Th2 cytokines interleukin 5 (IL-5) and IL-13 and decreased Th1 cytokine gamma interferon (IFN-␥) in response to the active cysteine protease. These data confirm that a nonprotective allergic response occurs in the crusted disease form and demonstrate that clinical severity is associated with differences in the type and magnitude of the antibody and cellular responses to scabies proteins. A quantitative IgE inhibition assay identified IgE immunoreactivity of scabies mite antigens distinct from that of house dust mite antigens, which is potentially important for specific scabies diagnosis and therapy.

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Circulating IgE in Patients with Ordinary and Crusted Scabies

Cited by 60 publications

References 25 publications

A Proteomic Analysis ofSarcoptes scabiei(Acari: Sarcoptidae)

A Proteomic Analysis ofSarcoptes scabiei(Acari: Sarcoptidae)

Problems in Diagnosing Scabies, a Global Disease in Human and Animal Populations

Increased Allergic Immune Response toSarcoptes scabieiAntigens in Crusted versus Ordinary Scabies

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