Circulating Concentrations of Adipocytokines and Their Receptors in the Isolated Corpus Cavernosum and Femoral Artery from Trained Rats on a High-Fat Diet

Abstract

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate different signaling pathways by which exercise training would interfere in endothelial function in obesity. Therefore, we examined adipocytokine levels and their receptors in the corpus cavernosum and femoral artery from trained rats on a high-fat diet. Methods: Functional experiments were performed in control sedentary and trained rats, and sedentary (h-SD) and trained male Wistar rats on a high-fat diet (h-TR). Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated in vascular tissue. Circulating adipocytokines and their receptors were analyzed. Results: In the h-SD group, the maximal responses to acetylcholine (ACh) were reduced in the femoral artery and corpus cavernosum as well as the electrical field stimulation, accompanied by an increase in circulating insulin, leptin, TNF-α, MCP-1, and PAI-1. Downregulation of ObR protein expression in the femoral artery was observed without alterations in AdipoR1 and TNFR1 in both preparations. A positive effect was observed in the h-TR group regarding the relaxation response to ACh and circulating adipocytokines, resulting in increased NO production and reduced ROS generation. Exercise restored the ObR protein expression only in the femoral artery. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise training ameliorated the inflammatory adipocytokines and restored the relaxation responses in the corpus cavernosum and femoral artery in rats on a high-fat diet.

Aerobic Exercise Training Prevents Perivascular Adipose Tissue-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction in Thoracic Aorta of Obese Mice

“…Animals were trained on a treadmill designed for small animals (Gesan, Brazil). The exercise program consisted of sessions of 60 min/day, 5 days/week, at a 0% grade and at 50–60% of the maximal speed, determined using an incremental protocol previously described (Sponton et al, 2017), for 8 weeks. In the first week of the training program, the duration and speed started at 10 m/min for 30 min and were progressively increased to 15 m/min for 60 min.…”

“…Briefly, thoracic aorta was cut into rings of 2 mm in the absence (PVAT−) or in the presence (PVAT+) of PVAT. Each ring was mounted in a myograph chamber (model 610 M; Danish Myo Technology, Denmark) under a resting tension of 5 millinewtons (mN), as previously described (Sponton et al, 2017).…”

“…The activation of mechanosensors of endothelial cells, during exercise, directly stimulates eNOS and NO production (Gielen et al, 2010). It was also demonstrated, in different studies and protocols of aerobic exercise training, that the reduction in vascular oxidative stress and increased anti-oxidant response result in enhanced NO bioavailability (Delbin et al, 2012; Sponton et al, 2017). In addition, the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise were related to the ability to alter metabolic phenotype and inflammatory biomarkers of adipose tissue (Kawanishi et al, 2010; De Matteis et al, 2013; Boa et al, 2017).…”

The Molecular Mechanism of Aerobic Exercise Improving Vascular Remodeling in Hypertension

“…The activation of endothelial cell mechanical sensors during aerobic exercise stimulates the production of eNOS and NO, reduces vascular oxidative stress, increases antioxidant response and improves NO bioavailability ( Sponton et al, 2017 ; Ruegsegger and Booth, 2018 ). In addition, aerobic exercise changes the metabolic phenotype of adipose tissue and inhibits the expression of inflammatory markers ( Boa et al, 2017 ).…”

Avaliação da reatividade vascular da artéria femoral, na presença do tecido adiposo perivascular, em camundongos treinados e alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica

“…Nosso grupo demonstrou uma redução na expressão proteica do Ob-R na artéria femoral de ratos obesos hiperleptinêmicos, que foi reestabelecida nos animais treinados (SPONTON et al, 2017). Outros estudos demonstraram redução na expressão gênica dos receptores de leptina (Ob-R) no tecido adiposo branco de ratos alimentados com dieta rica em açúcar (DE QUEIROZ et al, 2014), bem como em fígado e músculo esquelético de ratos alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica (KANG et al, 2013).…”