Circulating cervical cancer biomarkers potentially useful in medical attention (Review)

Abstract

Cervical cancer (CC) is a public health problem worldwide, including Mexico. This type of cancer is the fourth most frequent in women worldwide; in Mexico it is the second most common type in women after breast cancer. The diagnosis of CC is based mainly on Pap smears and colposcopy and the identification of molecular tools that serve as a support for these methods is urgent. Regarding this, differential expressions of specific circulating biomolecules has been detected and, based on this, they have been postulated as potential biomarkers for CC diagnosis, prognosis, and/or to identify the response to treatments. Importantly, the combined analysis of these molecules considerably improves their efficacy as biomarkers and their potential use in the medical attention is promising. Contents1. Introduction 2. Proteins 3. ncRNAs 4. The estrogen effect on the expression of biomarkers 5. cDNA 6. Putative molecular mechanisms altered by the CC biomarkers 7. Circulating biomarkers expression in other HPV-related cancers 8. How feasible is it to use a test of this type in the heath sector of undeveloped countries? 9. The best biomarkers panel, according to our point of view 10. Conclusions and future directions

Advancements in the Management of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Comprehensive Review

“…Molecular biomarkers: SCC-A is a well-examined biomarker prominently expressed in various squamous cell cancers, including cervical cancer, offering a potential diagnostic tool for cervical squamous cell carcinoma [ 27 ]. Conversely, serum YKL-40 has emerged as a marker specific to cervical adenocarcinoma, presenting a diagnostic avenue tailored to this particular subtype of cervical cancer [ 27 ]. Moreover, CTHRC1 has surfaced as a novel biomarker for diagnosing cervical squamous cell carcinoma, showcasing promise for early detection and management strategies [ 27 ].…”

“…Conversely, serum YKL-40 has emerged as a marker specific to cervical adenocarcinoma, presenting a diagnostic avenue tailored to this particular subtype of cervical cancer [ 27 ]. Moreover, CTHRC1 has surfaced as a novel biomarker for diagnosing cervical squamous cell carcinoma, showcasing promise for early detection and management strategies [ 27 ]. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have exhibited potential as non-invasive biomarkers for identifying cervical lesions, facilitating early diagnosis and risk assessment [ 27 ].…”

“…Moreover, CTHRC1 has surfaced as a novel biomarker for diagnosing cervical squamous cell carcinoma, showcasing promise for early detection and management strategies [ 27 ]. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have exhibited potential as non-invasive biomarkers for identifying cervical lesions, facilitating early diagnosis and risk assessment [ 27 ]. Exosomal miRNAs like miR-125a-5p, let-7d-3p, and miR-30d-5p have been recognized as diagnostic biomarkers for cervical cancer and its precursors, highlighting their utility in non-invasive screening modalities [ 28 ].…”

“…These molecular biomarkers furnish clinicians with valuable insights into diagnosing cervical cancer, prognosticating, and guiding treatment decisions. Their identification and validation propel the advancement of precision medicine in cervical cancer management, aiming to enhance patient outcomes and alleviate the global burden of this disease [ 27 , 29 , 30 ].…”

“…Moreover, CTHRC1 has surfaced as a novel biomarker for diagnosing cervical squamous cell carcinoma, showcasing promise for early detection and management strategies [27]. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have exhibited potential as non-invasive biomarkers for identifying cervical lesions, facilitating early diagnosis and risk assessment [27].…”