Circulating CD36 and oxLDL levels are associated with cardiovascular risk factors in young subjects

Abstract

BackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) results from a combination of abnormalities in lipoprotein metabolism, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and susceptibility to thrombosis. Atherosclerosis is the major cause of CVD. CD36 has been shown to play a critical role in the development of atherosclerotic lesions by its capacity to bind and promote endocytosis of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and is implicated in the formation of foam cells. The purpose of this research was to evaluate whether there is an association of sCD36 and oxLDL levels with cardiovascular risk factors in young subjects.MethodsA total of 188 subjects, 18 to 25 years old, 133 normal-weight and 55 obese subjects from the state of Guerrero, Mexico were recruited in the study. The lipid profile and glucose levels were measured by enzymatic colorimetric assays. Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays (ELISA) for oxLDL and sCD36 were performed. Statistical analyses of data were performed with Wilcoxon- Mann Whitney and chi-square tests as well as with multinomial regression.ResultsTC, LDL-C, TG, oxLDL and sCD36 levels were higher in obese subjects than in normal-weight controls, as well as, monocyte and platelet counts (P < 0.05). Obese subjects had 5.8 times higher risk of sCD36 in the third tertil (>97.8 ng/mL) than normal-weight controls (P = 0.014), and 7.4 times higher risk of oxLDL levels in third tertile (>48 U/L) than control group. The subjects with hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, fasting impaired LDL-C had a higher risk of oxLDL levels in the third tertile (>48 U/L) than the control group (P < 0.05).ConclusionsCirculating CD36 and oxLDL levels are associated with cardiovascular risk factors in young subjects and may be potential early markers for cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Soluble cluster of differentiation 36 concentrations are not associated with cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged subjects

“…This suggests that differences in plasma sCD36 concentrations may be expected in different study groups from different populations. Additionally, absolute sCD36 concentrations reported in the present study were considerably lower than those reported in the majority of other studies (17,(22)(23)(24). Notable exceptions have been reported by Himoto et al (25) and García-Monzón et al (26) who identified even lower sCD36 concentrations compared to those from the current study (Table IV).…”

“…This result confirms that plasma sCD36, which was not significantly elevated in the MetS group, is not associated with the traditional cardiovascular risk factors among middle-aged subjects (53.8±9.7 years). Conversely, in healthy young subjects (18-25 years old) (22), plasma sCD36 concentrations were significantly elevated in obese subjects compared to normal weight subjects and sCD36 was significantly correlated with obesity and LDL-cholesterol. Similarly, in early onset coronary artery disease patients (24), sCD36 was negatively correlated with BMI, waist circumference, RBC count, Hgb, glucose and systolic blood pressure, and it was positively correlated with age and HDL-cholesterol.…”

CD36 Binds Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) in a Mechanism Dependent upon Fatty Acid Binding

“…The uptake of modified lipoproteins by scavenger receptors is thought to be central to foam cell formation and is widely believed to represent one of the major activation events stimulating the proinflammatory phenotype of lesional macrophages (1,3,4). Furthermore, scavenger receptors initiate signaling cascades that regulate macrophage activation, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory programs that may influence the development and stability of atherosclerotic plaques (5,6).…”

“…Despite mixed results from various randomized controlled trials using antioxidant therapy to treat oxLDL, 14 clinical cohort studies have demonstrated an association between oxLDL measurement and cardiovascular events (8). Furthermore, specifically CD36 and oxLDL levels have recently been shown to be associated with cardiovascular risk factors in young subjects (4).…”

“…Furthermore, scavenger receptors initiate signaling cascades that regulate macrophage activation, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory programs that may influence the development and stability of atherosclerotic plaques (5,6). CD36 is a prominent member of the scavenger receptor family in part because of its robust catalysis of oxLDL 2 uptake and the CD36-specific atheroinflammatory signaling connected to these events (4). Furthermore, its expression in cells is associated with cardiovascular disease, which includes surface expression on platelets, adipocytes, skeletal and cardiac myocytes, capillary endothelial cells, most professional phagocytes, and epithelial cells in gut, kidney, and breast (7).…”