Circulating blood eosinophils in acute infectious disease and the eosinopenic response

Weiner, H. A.; Morkovin, Dimitry

doi:10.1016/0002-9343(52)90081-8

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…By 1914 Schwarz (10) was able to cite over 100 references confirming the occurrence of an absolute eosinopenia as a regular event during the acute phase of pneumonia, staphylococcal and streptococcal suppurative disease, erysipelas, epidemic meningitis (presumably meningococcal), typhus, typhoid, measles, varicella, rubella, cholera, and dengue. The most recent clinical review of this phenomenon was that by Weiner and Morkovin in 1952 (12). They reaffirmed the regular observation of a decrease in absolute eosinophil counts during the first several days of many acute infections, but found the degree and duration difficult to predict.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…An abrupt reduction in the number of circulating eosinophils occurs with the onset of many acute infections (10,12,14). The mechanism of this eosinopenia of acute infection has not been proven, although it has been assumed to reflect a response to stress that causes adrenal corticosteroid release (12). Recent studies have reexamined the phenomenon in a murine model (1,2,8).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Reproduction of the eosinopenia of acute infection by passive transfer of a material obtained from inflammatory exudate

Bass¹

1977

Infect Immun

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Studies of the eosinopenic effect of acute inflammation were conducted in mice previously rendered eosinophilic with trichinosis. Exudate removed from a pneumococcal abscess contained material (eosinopenic factor [EF]) capable of causing eosinopenia of 4- to 24-h duration when injected intraperitoneally into eosinophilic mice. The material passed through a 0.45-micronm filter, but was retained by a dialysis membrane capable of retaining protein molecules of greater than approximately 30,000 molecular weight. EF was soluble in 7% perchloric acid, was not destroyed by pneumococcal proteolytic enzymes in the presence of Trasylol, but was inactivated by heating to 56 degrees C for 30 min. EF was detectable in the exudate after 10 h and had reached its highest concentration after 20 h. When the effect of EF was expressed as a percent suppression of control eosinophil levels, there was a geometric dose response. Eosinopenia could not be ascribed to steroids present in the preparation, and the EF was effective in adrenalectomized animals. Eosinopenia was not induced by transfer of similarly treated heat-killed pneumococci, pneumococcal culture filtrate, or normal serum. The eosinopenia of acute infection may be the direct effect of a substance present at the site of acute inflammation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproduction of the eosinopenia of acute infection by passive transfer of a material obtained from inflammatory exudate

Bass¹

1977

Infect Immun

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“…How-ever, little is known about the role of eosinophils in vivo during bacterial infection. Multiple observational studies showed that the number of circulating eosinophils correlates inversely with disease severity in patients with sepsis or severe bacterial infections (1,5,6,45,50). Conversely, we have shown recently that hypereosinophilic mice have improved survival in a mouse model of polymicrobial sepsis (53).…”

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confidence: 88%

Mouse Eosinophils Possess Potent Antibacterial Properties In Vivo

et al. 2009

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Eosinophils are best known as the predominant cellular infiltrate associated with asthma and parasitic infections. Recently, numerous studies have documented the presence of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on the surfaces of eosinophils, suggesting that these leukocytes may participate in the recognition and killing of viruses and bacteria. However, the significance of this role in the innate immune response to bacterial infection is largely unknown. Here we report a novel role for eosinophils as antibacterial defenders in the host response. Isolated mouse eosinophils possessed antipseudomonal properties in vitro. In vivo, interleukin-5 transgenic mice, which have profound eosinophilia, demonstrated improved clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa introduced into the peritoneal cavity. The findings of improved bacterial clearance following adoptive transfer of eosinophils, and impaired bacterial clearance in mice with a congenital eosinophil deficiency, established that this effect was eosinophil specific. The data presented also demonstrate that eosinophils mediate this antibacterial effect in part through the release of cationic secondary granule proteins. Specifically, isolated eosinophil granules had antibacterial properties in vitro, and administration of eosinophil granule extracts significantly improved bacterial clearance in vivo. These data suggest a potent yet underappreciated antibacterial role for eosinophils in vivo, specifically for eosinophil granules. Moreover, the data suggest that the administration of eosinophil-derived products may represent a viable adjuvant therapy for septic or bacteremic patients in the intensive care unit.

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Review of the 1952 Hematology Literature

Wright¹

1953

Arch Intern Med

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Circulating blood eosinophils in acute infectious disease and the eosinopenic response

Cited by 9 publications

References 67 publications

Reproduction of the eosinopenia of acute infection by passive transfer of a material obtained from inflammatory exudate

Reproduction of the eosinopenia of acute infection by passive transfer of a material obtained from inflammatory exudate

Mouse Eosinophils Possess Potent Antibacterial Properties In Vivo

Review of the 1952 Hematology Literature

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