Circulating Biomarkers for Laboratory Diagnostics of Atherosclerosis—Literature Review

Abstract

Atherosclerosis is still considered a disease burden with long-term damaging processes towards the cardiovascular system. Evaluation of atherosclerotic stages requires the use of independent markers such as those already considered traditional, that remain the main therapeutic target for patients with atherosclerosis, together with emerging biomarkers. The challenge is finding models of predictive markers that are particularly tailored to detect and evaluate the evolution of incipient vascular lesions. Important advances have been made in this field, resulting in a more comprehensible and stronger linkage between the lipidic profile and the continuous inflammatory process. In this paper, we analysed the most recent data from the literature studying the molecular mechanisms of biomarkers and their involvement in the cascade of events that occur in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis.

Identification of key genes for atherosclerosis in different arterial beds

“…Currently, there are several serum markers used to identify early AS, such as lipoproteins, ceramides, C-reactive proteins, high-sensitivity C-reactive proteins, matrix metalloproteinases, and miRNAs, among which high-sensitivity C-reactive proteins are comprehensively validated in the prediction of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events 45 – 47 . In our study, we identified six Hub genes for AS, and the nomogram demonstrated satisfactory diagnostic efficacy.…”