Circulating apoptotic and necrotic cell death markers in patients with acute liver injury

Abstract

Plasma nucleosomes are significantly elevated following acute liver injury. Neither apoptotic nor necrotic cell death markers accurately predict survival following paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity, suggesting that the extent and type of cell death play a limited role in determining outcome.

Elevated serum levels of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein in dengue-infected patients are associated with disease symptoms and secondary infection

“…28,29 HMGB1, however, appears to have a role not only in infection and inflammation response but also in the pathological effects of many diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, sepsis and acute liver injury and failure as well as viral infectious diseases. 16,17,30,31 It was observed that, when compared with negative controls, the plasma of HIV-1-infected patients contains higher HMGB1 concentrations, which can be correlated to the viral load. 19,32 In the case of West Nile Virus (WNV), depending on the viral dose, the infected cells undergo necrosis, and the concomitant release of HMGB1 contributes to the disease pathology.…”

Cancer and cancer stem cell targeting agents : A focus on salinomycin and apoptin

“…protein, a marker for necrosis 100,101 , in the supernatant of cells treated with higher concentrations of salinomycin. We further explored the mechanism of salinomycin-induced robust cell death under starvation conditions.…”

Signalling pathways involved in paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity: new insights on the role of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B

“…Although apoptosis is not the predominant pathway of cell death in APAP-induced liver injury, in studies of circulating cell death markers it has been shown increased necrosis and apoptosis-related keratin fragments in the blood of patients with APAP liver injury, and also lower levels of apoptotic keratin fragments have been observed in patients that survived, suggesting that if apoptosis occurs more readily this might be ''protective'' (Antoine et al, 2012;Bechmann et al, 2010;Craig et al, 2011;Volkmann et al, 2008). Ongoing cell death via necrosis and apoptosis in the livers removed during liver transplantation has also been reported (McGregor et al, 2003).…”