Circulating Antioxidant Levels and Risk of Prostate Cancer byTMPRSS2:ERG

Abstract

Background Few studies have considered etiological differences across molecular subtypes of prostate cancer, despite potential to improve opportunities for precision prevention of a disease for which modifiable risk factors have remained elusive. Factors that lead to DNA double-strand breaks, such as oxidative stress, may promote the formation of the TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion in prostate cancer. We tested the hypothesis that increasing levels of pre-diagnostic circulating antioxidants, which may reduce oxidative stress, are associated with lower risk of developing TMPRSS2:ERG positive prostate cancer. Methods We conducted a nested case-control study, including 370 cases and 2,470 controls, to evaluate associations between pre-diagnostic α- and β-carotene, α- and γ-tocopherol, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, lycopene, retinol, and selenium with the risk of prostate cancer by ERG protein expression status (a marker of TMPRSS2:ERG). Multivariable unconditional polytomous logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results We did not find any of the antioxidants to be significantly associated with the risk of prostate cancer according to ERG status. Conclusions The results do not support the hypothesis that circulating pre-diagnostic antioxidant levels protect against developing TMPRSS2:ERG positive prostate cancer. Additional studies are needed to explore mechanisms for the development of TMPRSS2:ERG positive prostate cancer.

Effect of lycopene supplementation on cardiovascular parameters and markers of inflammation and oxidation in patients with coronary vascular disease

“…There are a number of recently published clinical trials and meta‐analysis data revealing beneficial health effects of lycopene (Cicero & Colletti, ; Mahmoodnia, Mohammadi, & Masumi, ; Singh & Bagewadi, ; van Die et al., ). However, only few of them (Graff et al., ; Zhu, Gertz, Cai, & Burri, ) adequately address the issue of lycopene bioavailability in volunteers. As we shown above, the ingestion of lycopene does not necessarily translate into sustainable increase in circulating lycopene levels and rather reflects the type of nutraceutical formulation of lycopene used for supplementation.…”

Licopeno e prevenção do câncer de próstata: Uma revisão integrativa

“…11 Entretanto, ao comparar o uso da suplementação de compostos fitoquímicos em humanos com seu efeito protetor na diminuição do risco do câncer de próstata, duas pesquisas encontraram, em seus esboços investigativos, dados inconsistentes, não sendo capazes de sustentar a hipótese de que tais nutrientes estariam associados a um menor risco de neoplasia da próstata. 12,13 Os efeitos do licopeno no processo de oncogênese e na saúde da próstata são benéficos ao homem. Todavia, os ensaios clínicos de eficácia exigem uma adesão do referido composto bioativo em longo prazo e em elevadas concentrações, sendo necessários, concomitantemente, estudos que avaliem como potencializar sua absorção e maior biodisponibilidade e também as doses corretas de ingestão do mesmo para alcançar seu efeito protetor (►Quadro 3).…”

Nutraceuticals in prostate cancer therapeutic strategies and their neo-adjuvant use in diverse populations

“… 27 In a nested case control study based on the Physicians’ Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study cohorts, circulating selenium levels did not significantly modify PCa susceptibility. 24 No association was observed between circulating levels of selenium and PCa susceptibility considering TMPRSS2-ERG -fusion positive or negative cancer stratification relative to control subjects (370 cases, 2740 controls). Over the course of 3–5 years, selenium supplementation of 200 or 400 μg did not affect PSA velocity or risk of PCa mortality in high-risk patients ( n = 699) in a Phase III randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled, multi-center trial.…”