Circulating adiponectin levels and risk of type 2 diabetes in the Japanese

Abstract

Background:Adiponectin has anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing properties. Prospective studies have consistently shown a lower risk of type 2 diabetes among those with higher circulating adiponectin levels.Objective:We examined prospectively the association between serum adiponectin levels and type 2 diabetes risk among Japanese workers, taking visceral fat mass into account.Subjects and methods:Subjects were 4591 Japanese employees who attended a comprehensive health screening in 2008; had biochemical data including serum adiponectin; were free of diabetes at baseline; and received health screening in 2011. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between adiponectin and incidence of diabetes among overall subjects, as well as subgroups. Stratified analyses were carried out according to variables including visceral fat area (VFA).Results:During 3 years of follow-up, 217 diabetic cases were newly identified. Of these, 87% had a prediabetes at baseline. Serum adiponectin level was significantly, inversely associated with incidence of diabetes, with odds ratios (95% confidence interval) adjusted for age, sex, family history, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity and body mass index (BMI) for the lowest through highest quartile of adiponectin of 1 (reference), 0.79 (0.55–1.12), 0.60 (0.41–0.88) and 0.40 (0.25–0.64), respectively (P-value for trend <0.01). This association was materially unchanged with adjustment for VFA instead of BMI. After further adjustment for both homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and hemoglobin A1c, however, the association became statistically nonsignificant (P-value for trend=0.18). Risk reduction associated with higher adiponectin levels was observed in both participants with and without obesity or insulin resistance at baseline.Conclusions:Results suggest that higher levels of circulating adiponectin are associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, independently of overall and intra-abdominal fat deposition, and that adiponectin may confer a benefit in both persons with and without insulin resistance.

Association between the level of circulating adiponectin and prediabetes: A meta‐analysis

“…Furthermore, for HOMA-IR ratio group (Figure 4), WMD in adiponectin showed a trend of a direct correlation except HOMA-IR ratio <1. 36. Additionally, WMDs in adiponectin showed a trend of direct correlation in subgroups of BMI and age ( Figures 5 and 6).…”

“…A cross-sectional, genetic epidemiology study in 2009 with 1,599 American Samoan adults suggested that adiponectin is an independent risk factor of type 2 diabetes, and might help distinguish those at higher risk of developing this disease 35 . Furthermore, a most recent and up-to-date cohort study in 2014 carried out by Yamamoto Sin Japan suggested that higher levels of circulating adiponectin are associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, and that adiponectin could confer a benefit in both persons with and without prediabetes 36 . The same results were shown in other studies [37][38][39] .…”

Adipokine levels during the first or early second trimester of pregnancy and subsequent risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review

“…No significant interaction between BMI and adiponectin in association with risk of developing GDM was found in a nested case-control study among US pregnant women [20]. Similarly, non-significant interactions of adiposity measures and adiponectin levels in relation to T2DM risk were observed in some [54], although not all [55], studies conducted in the general population.…”

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 As an Emerging Therapeutic Target for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…Reduced adiponectin expression correlates with insulin resistance in mouse models, whereas mice with adiponectin ablation exhibit moderate insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, implying a protective effect of adiponectin against insulin resistance. In the clinical setting, reduced adiponectin levels have been reported in obese and T2DM patients, whereas higher adiponectin levels are associated with a lower risk of T2DM across diverse populations . Mechanistic studies have also revealed that adiponectin alleviates insulin resistance via reducing triglyceride content in muscle and liver in obese mice, while promoting adipocyte proliferation and differentiation as well as enhancing insulin responsiveness …”