Circular RNAs and Their Role in Exosomes

Han, Zeping; Chen, Huafang; Guo, Zhonghui; Shen, Jian; Luo, Wei; Xie, Fangmei; Wan, Yu; Wang, Shengbo; Li, Jianhao; He, Jinhua

doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.848341

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 140 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…The most enriched pathways within those differentially expressed genes were mTOR, platinum DR, and the cAMP and PI3K–Akt signaling pathways ( Tang et al, 2021 ). CircRNA is a class of non-coding RNA with the circular structure that is also one of the components of exosomes ( Han et al, 2022 ). The circMYC is a circular RNA derived from MYC gene that was found at higher level in MM patients serum-derived exosomes in comparison to the healthy donors, and among MM the lower level of circMYC was associated with better response to bortezomib ( Luo and Gui, 2020 ).…”

Section: Sensitivity To Proteasome Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors determining the sensitivity to proteasome inhibitors of multiple myeloma cells

Pelon,

Krzeminski,

Tracz-Gaszewska

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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Multiple myeloma is an incurable cancer that originates from antibody-producing plasma cells. It is characterized by an intrinsic ability to produce large amounts of immunoglobulin-like proteins. The high rate of synthesis makes myeloma cells dependent on protein processing mechanisms related to the proteasome. This dependence made proteasome inhibitors such as bortezomib and carfilzomib one of the most important classes of drugs used in multiple myeloma treatment. Inhibition of the proteasome is associated with alteration of a number of important biological processes leading, in consequence, to inhibition of angiogenesis. The effect of drugs in this group and the degree of patient response to the treatment used is itself an extremely complex process that depends on many factors. At cellular level the change in sensitivity to proteasome inhibitors may be related to differences in the expression level of proteasome subunits, the degree of proteasome loading, metabolic adaptation, transcriptional or epigenetic factors. These are just some of the possibilities that may influence differences in response to proteasome inhibitors. This review describes the main cellular factors that determine the degree of response to proteasome inhibitor drugs, as well as information on the key role of the proteasome and the performance characteristics of the inhibitors that are the mainstay of multiple myeloma treatment.

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Section: Sensitivity To Proteasome Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors determining the sensitivity to proteasome inhibitors of multiple myeloma cells

Pelon,

Krzeminski,

Tracz-Gaszewska

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…Finally, as discussed in more detail below, circRNAs are cargoes packaged into exosomes that can mediate crosstalk involving numerous cell and organ systems [ 27 ], and exosomal circRNAs are promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets [ 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CircRNAs: versatile players and new targets in organ fibrosis

et al. 2023

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Organ fibrosis can occur in virtually all major organs with relentlessly progressive and irreversible progress, ultimately resulting in organ dysfunction and potentially death. Unfortunately, current clinical treatments cannot halt or reverse the progression of fibrosis to end-stage organ failure, and thus, advanced antifibrotic therapeutics are urgently needed. In recent years, a growing body of research has revealed that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play pivotal roles in the development and progression of organ fibrosis through highly diverse mechanisms of action. Thus, manipulating circRNAs has emerged as a promising strategy to mitigate fibrosis across different organ types. In this review, we systemically summarize the current state of knowledge about circRNA biological properties and the regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs. A comprehensive overview of major fibrotic signaling pathways and representative circRNAs that are known to modulate fibrotic signals are outlined. Then, we focus on the research progress of the versatile functional roles and underlying molecular mechanisms of circRNAs in various fibrotic diseases in different organs, including the heart, liver, lung, kidney and skin. Finally, we offer a glimpse into the prospects of circRNA-based interference and therapy, as well as their utilization as biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of fibrotic diseases.

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“…24 In addition to proteins, various RNA subtypes, namely mRNAs, microRNA (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, have been identified in EVs, uncovering new mechanisms in the genetic exchange between cells and intercellular transcriptional and translational regulation. [25][26][27][28][29] These vesicles are secreted by neural, muscle, and epithelial cells. They are vital in cell-to-cell communication and can be found in biofluids like CSF, blood, saliva, and urine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EVs contain the majority of proteins from plasma membranes, endosomes and cytosol, and some proteins from the nucleus, mitochondria, and Golgi body from the cells of origin 24 . In addition to proteins, various RNA subtypes, namely mRNAs, microRNA (miRNAs), long non‐coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, have been identified in EVs, uncovering new mechanisms in the genetic exchange between cells and intercellular transcriptional and translational regulation 25‐29 . These vesicles are secreted by neural, muscle, and epithelial cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles for the Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Xylaki¹,

Chopra²,

Weber³

et al. 2023

Movement Disorders

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Parkinson's disease (PD) biomarkers are needed by both clinicians and researchers (for diagnosis, identifying study populations, and monitoring therapeutic response). Imaging, genetic, and biochemical biomarkers have been widely studied. In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become a promising material for biomarker development. Proteins and molecular material from any organ, including the central nervous system, can be packed into EVs and transported to the periphery into easily obtainable biological specimens like blood, urine, and saliva. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of articles (published before November 15, 2022) reporting biomarker assessment in EVs in PD patients and healthy controls (HCs). Biomarkers were analyzed using random effects meta‐analysis and the calculated standardized mean difference (Std.MD). Several proteins and ribonucleic acids have been identified in EVs in PD patients, but only α‐synuclein (aSyn) and leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) were reported in sufficient studies (n = 24 and 6, respectively) to perform a meta‐analysis. EV aSyn was significantly increased in neuronal L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM)–positive blood EVs in PD patients compared to HCs (Std.MD = 1.84, 95% confidence interval = 0.76–2.93, P = 0.0009). Further analysis of the biological sample and EV isolation method indicated that L1CAM‐IP (immunoprecipitation) directly from plasma was the best isolation method for assessing aSyn in PD patients. Upcoming neuroprotective clinical trials immediately need peripheral biomarkers for identifying individuals at risk of developing PD. Overall, the improved sensitivity of assays means they can identify biomarkers in blood that reflect changes in the brain. CNS‐derived EVs in blood will likely play a major role in biomarker development in the coming years. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

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Circular RNAs and Their Role in Exosomes

Cited by 18 publications

References 140 publications

Factors determining the sensitivity to proteasome inhibitors of multiple myeloma cells

Factors determining the sensitivity to proteasome inhibitors of multiple myeloma cells

CircRNAs: versatile players and new targets in organ fibrosis

Extracellular Vesicles for the Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

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