Circular RNA expands its territory

Bao, Chunyang; Lyu, Dongbin; Huang, Shenglin

doi:10.1080/23723556.2015.1084443

Cited by 44 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Recently, circRNAs were found to be both enriched and stable in cancer EVs, suggesting that they could also potentially be used as cancer biomarkers . In addition, it has been suggested that EVs could represent a mechanism for circRNA clearance and that circRNAs in EVs could constitute potential biomarkers in disease processes as well as therapeutic targets …”

Section: Diverse Rnas In Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA in extracellular vesicles

et al. 2017

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Cells release a range of membrane-enclosed extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the environment. Among them, exosomes and microvesicles (collectively measuring 30-1000 nm in diameter) carry proteins, signaling lipids, and nucleic acids from donor cells to recipient cells, and thus have been proposed to serve as intercellular mediators of communication. EVs transport cellular materials in many physiologic processes, including differentiation, stem cell homeostasis, immune responses, and neuronal signaling. EVs are also increasingly recognized as having a direct role in pathological processes, notably cancer and neurodegeneration. Accordingly, EVs have been the focus of intense investigation as biomarkers of disease and prognostic indicators, and even therapeutic tools. Here, we review the classes of RNAs present in EVs, both coding RNAs (mRNAs) and noncoding RNAs (long noncoding RNAs, microRNAs, and circular RNAs). The rising attention to EV-resident RNAs as biomarkers stems from the fact that RNAs can be detected at extremely low quantities using a number of methods. To illustrate the interest in EV biology, we discuss EV RNAs in cancer and neurodegeneration, two major age-associated disease processes.

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Section: Diverse Rnas In Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA in extracellular vesicles

et al. 2017

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“…Tumor cells constantly release exosomes during tumor development and progression, [ 40 ] and this process plays an important role in intercellular communication, which regulates the tumor microenvironment, promotes cell proliferation, and induces cell migration [ 41 ]. Exosomes are widely distributed in body fluids and can be taken up by other cells [ 42 ] circRNAs are enriched in exosomes [ 43 – 45 ] and may thus be important for intercellular communication [ 46 ]. However, studies on exosomal circRNAs and their roles in pancreatic cancer are rare.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circular RNA IARS (circ-IARS) secreted by pancreatic cancer cells and located within exosomes regulates endothelial monolayer permeability to promote tumor metastasis

Jiang

et al. 2018

J Exp Clin Cancer Res

297

248

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BackgroundRecent studies show that exosomes are involved in intercellular communication and that abundant circular RNAs (circRNAs) are present within exosomes. However, whether these exosomal circRNAs contribute to tumor invasion and metastasis remains unclear, as do their associated mechanisms.MethodsQuantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to measure the expression levels of circ-IARS in 85 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissues, plasma exosomes, and Hs 766 T, Hs 766 T-L2 and human microvascular vein endothelial (HUVECs) cells. RhoA, ZO-1 and RhoA-GTP levels were detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting (WB); RhoA activity analysis was also performed. Transwell assays were performed to examine changes in endothelial monolayer permeability, and immunofluorescence and WB were employed to evaluate F-actin expression and focal adhesion. Finally, an animal experiment was performed to detect the contribution of circ-IARS to cancer metastasis.Resultscirc-IARS expression was up-regulated in pancreatic cancer tissues and in plasma exosomes of patients with metastatic disease. Circ-IARS was found to enter HUVECs through exosomes and promote tumor invasion and metastasis. Circ-IARS expression was positively correlated with liver metastasis, vascular invasion, and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage and negatively correlated with postoperative survival time. Overexpression of circ-IARS significantly down-regulated miR-122 and ZO-1 levels, up-regulated RhoA and RhoA-GTP levels, increased F-actin expression and focal adhesion, enhanced endothelial monolayer permeability, and promoted tumor invasion and metastasis.Conclusionscirc-IRAS accesses HUVECs via exosomes derived from pancreatic cancer cells followed by increased endothelial monolayer permeability. Furthermore, this process promotes tumor invasion and metastasis. The results of this study suggest that the presence of circRNAs in exosomes may be important indicator for early diagnosis and prognostic prediction in PDAC.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0822-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Furthermore, genome-wide studies have determined that the quantity and proportion of circular-to-linear splicing is a minimum of two to six times greater in EVs than in producer cells. There are also over 1000 distinctive circRNA candidates available in individual serum EVs [12]. However, too few studies have investigated the specific mechanism of EV-circRNAs in the TME.…”

Section: Discussion and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of extracellular vesicles in tumour microenvironment

Tao

Guo

2020

Cell Commun Signal

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In recent years, it has been demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be released by almost all cell types, and detected in most body fluids. In the tumour microenvironment (TME), EVs serve as a transport medium for lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. EVs participate in various steps involved in the development and progression of malignant tumours by initiating or suppressing various signalling pathways in recipient cells. Although tumour-derived EVs (T-EVs) are known for orchestrating tumour progression via systemic pathways, EVs from non-malignant cells (nmEVs) also contribute substantially to malignant tumour development. Tumour cells and non-malignant cells typically communicate with each other, both determining the progress of the disease. In this review, we summarise the features of both T-EVs and nmEVs, tumour progression, metastasis, and EV-mediated chemoresistance in the TME. The physiological and pathological effects involved include but are not limited to angiogenesis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling, and immune escape. We discuss potential future directions of the clinical application of EVs, including diagnosis (as non-invasive biomarkers via liquid biopsy) and therapeutic treatment. This may include disrupting EV biogenesis and function, thus utilising the features of EVs to repurpose them as a therapeutic tool in immunotherapy and drug delivery systems. We also discuss the overall findings of current studies, identify some outstanding issues requiring resolution, and propose some potential directions for future research.

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Circular RNA expands its territory

Cited by 44 publications

References 9 publications

RNA in extracellular vesicles

RNA in extracellular vesicles

Circular RNA IARS (circ-IARS) secreted by pancreatic cancer cells and located within exosomes regulates endothelial monolayer permeability to promote tumor metastasis

Role of extracellular vesicles in tumour microenvironment

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