Circular of the Bureau of Standards no. 486:

Hidnert, P.; Souder, Wilmer

doi:10.6028/nbs.circ.486

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…The principles and procedures of measurement of thermal expansion of solids have been discussed in detail in several literatures [49][50][51][52][53][54][55]. The principles and procedures of measurement of thermal expansion of solids have been discussed in detail in several literatures [49][50][51][52][53][54][55].…”

Section: Techniques For Measurement Of Thermal Expansionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diffraction and Thermal Expansion of Solids

Tyagi

Achary

2010

Thermodynamic Properties of Solids

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Thermal expansion of materials is a topic of age-old interest to mankind in view of the chronological development of several devices and technologies [1,2]. The concept of thermal expansion and knowledge of thermal expansion coefficient of materials remain important for any structural materials experiencing a temperature gradient. The structural materials include any material used in technology to build a mechanically or electronically integrated physical entity. In particular, the thermal properties are of interest when any structural assembly faces a temperature variation. Thermal expansion effects have been well considered right from the metals and ceramic parts of cookwares to the highly sophisticated mechanical structures, such as buildings, bridges, air/spacecraft, vessels, kilns, furnaces, and so on. In particular, metals such as steel, copper, and so on that are important structural parts show a significant expansion with temperature. Thus, in all these materials, thermal expansion was exploited either to enhance or to nullify any temperature-induced dimensional instability, for example, the utilization of thermal expansion in automatic cut-off switch using bimetals is well known. The discovery of Invar (an alloy of 35% Ni and 65% Fe) and subsequent modified compositions as Elinvar, Kovar, Alnico, and so on have found immense applications in modern technologies, such as design of high-accuracy clocks, shadow mask in television screen, and so on [3]. In addition, low thermal expansion in fused silica and controllable thermal expansion in materials with glass and glass-ceramic compositions have been discovered and used in precise optical instruments, mirror substrates, glass-metal junctions [4,5]. A large number of crystalline materials with low thermal expansion are also discovered [6]. Thermal expansion data of ceramics have been a prime consideration in the designing of electrolyte and electrodes of solid oxide fuel cells [7]. Similarly, thermal expansion data of nuclear fuel materials are significant in preventing detrimental effects of fuel-clad interaction and unwanted swelling of fuel pins [8]. Nuclear reactor performance is mainly restricted by the thermal expansion and thermal conductivity of the fuel pellets under irradiation conditions. In these j197 applications, the material property is more significant than the structural assembly and hence the structural materials are tuned as per their thermal expansion behavior. However, the thermal expansion behavior of electronic materials causing temperature-induced dimensional instability leading to circuit failure also needs to be dealt with. Considering such aspects, several Invar-type alloys and metal matrix composites are developed in recent years [9]. Thus, the thermal expansion data of any material are the first requisite for the development of most of the technologies.In general, it is known that all materials expand or contract with the rise or fall of temperature. The thermal expansion of any material is explained as a relative change in dimens...

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Section: Techniques For Measurement Of Thermal Expansionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The variations of unit cell parameters with temperature are fitted with polynomial function and the typical fitting parameters are included in Table 6 (1) 11.3723 (2) 312. 52 a) 3 , where x are the unit cell parameters in Å and T are the temperatures in C.…”

Section: Scheelite-and Zircon-type Abo 4 Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%