Circular migration patterns and determinants in Nairobi slum settlements

Migration among individuals with leprosy: a population-based study in Central Brazil

“…Migration is most often associated with the movement of young adults, typically males between the ages of 20 and 35, who migrate for employment 14,19,30,31 . We found that migration of leprosy-affected individuals was significantly associated with being male after diagnosis, and overall, migrants were slightly older than the younger age-set typical of migration globally.…”

“…Recently, there has been a shift in migration dynamics toward rural in-migration 17 resulting from opportunities in civil development projects and agricultural expansion. National policies and regional economic disparities and conditions can influence the direction and duration of migration 5 , and temporary or circular patterns 18,19,20 .…”

“…Socioeconomic factors influence the initial decision to migrate, and these variables may change once migration has taken place 30 . Although our study only considered socioeconomic variables and utility access after leprosy diagnosis, access to better amenities, such as electricity, has been associated with a reduction in further migration 19 .…”

Transitions to adulthood in urban Kenya

“…In sub-Saharan Africa, rates of migration for men rise steadily between the ages of 15 to 19 and are highest between the ages of 20 to 24 (Collinson, Tollman and Kahn 2007;National Research Council and Institute of Medicine 2005). Migration rates for women peak at an even younger age (Beguy, Bocquier and Zulu 2010;National Research Council and Institute of Medicine 2005). For many adolescents, migration is intrinsically linked to key transitions into adulthood.…”

“…However, the specific reasons adolescents are drawn to urban areas are likely to differ from those of adults and by gender. Previous research, which primarily focuses on adult migrants, typically concludes that women's mobility is tied more closely to considerations of family formation and fertility than to educational and employment opportunities, which are critical factors in men's mobility (Beguy, Bocquier, and Zulu 2010;Smith and Thomas 1998). Yet researchers are quick to point out that many women also move in search of employment and better schooling (Brockerhoff and Eu 1993;National Research Council and Institute of Medicine 2005) and that demographic factors such as pregnancy, marriage, and childbearing often play an important role for men as well as women, at least in industrialized societies (Kulu and Milewski 2007).…”