Design of an antenna for wearable application is a challenging task, thus it need to be specially designed to function well on while being worn. In this paper, we present a circular loop antenna mounted over High Impedance Surface (HIS) operating at 2.4 GHz frequency band for wearable application. The designed antenna is simulated using CST Microwave Studio Suite. The antenna is simulated both in free space and four layer model (skin, fat, muscle, bone). It is observed that the VSWR is less than 2 and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is below threshold value for Cellular Telephones. The efficiency of the antenna is better on human hand and SAR simulated value is low. S-parameter, gain and SAR of the proposed antenna were calculated. Keywords: wearable, circular loop antenna, High Impedance Surface, Four layer model, Specific Absorption Rate (SAR).
I.INTRODUCTION Due to development of Wireless Communication, many portable handsets has been invented. The recent invention is wearable devices such as Smart watch, Google glass, devices for medical application, etc. In medical field wearable devices are used for measuring Blood Pressure, Heart rate, Fitness Tracking, etc. The wearable technology has become boon to the society. At the same time, wearable antenna face increasing challenge in terms of Specific Absorption Rate. Nowadays, Smart Watches are becoming more popular. In recent invention Smart watches [1] act as a wearable computers, which can synchronized with mobile handsets via Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. For this purpose, the designated antenna for transmitting/receiving signals should be small and concealed within the devices. For design of compact and low profile antenna, AMC (Artificial Magnetic Conductor) based antenna are introduced and studied in [2]- [6]. Different types of antenna is used as radiator above the AMC to improve the performance of the antenna. Working principle of AC is Image Theory. According to Image theory, when an antenna is placed over a Perfect Magnetic Conductor (PMC), the images of currents are in the same direction to the antenna current direction which result in constructive Interference. In [2] slot antenna has been designed that operates at 2.45GHz frequency. The efficiency in free space is about 85%, not suitable for wearable application. In [3] monopole antenna is designed and it operates at 2.4-2.48 frequency band. The gain of the antenna is about 4.2 dB and efficiency in free space and human hand model is not given. In [4] PIFA is designed and the gain and efficiency in free space is around 6.3 dB and 50% respectively. In [5] integrated metal frame antenna is designed and it operates at 2.4-2.49 frequency band. The efficiency in free space is about 70% and in one layer model the efficiency drastically reduces to 26%. In [6] slot antenna is designed, the efficiency in phantom hand is about 65%. Phantom hand is made of bone, but the EM waves are absorbed by skin, muscle and fat is not considered. Thus due to these the efficiency decreases rapidly. The author didn't present ...