“…In circling back to equitable economic growth through CE business model convergence, it aids in the reduction of waste in the industrial ecosystem by repurposing commodities at their obsolescence (Cudecka-Purina et al, 2019;Ritzen & Sandstrom, 2017;Stahel, 2016). In particular, the CE aims to maximize the reuse and recycling of products, materials, and natural resources during the manufacturing and production stages, hence decreasing excess waste generated (Uvarova et al, 2019;Bocken et al, 2019;Kalmykova et al, 2018). Sustainable development, environmental stewardship, and societal and economic success for present and subsequent generations are just some areas where research has highlighted CE's long-term benefits.…”