Circular economy and waste to energy

Rada, Elena Cristina; Ragazzi, Marco; Torretta, Vincenzo; Castagna, Giacomo; Adami, Luca; Cioca, Lucian‐Ionel

doi:10.1063/1.5039237

Cited by 46 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…We may note that the measures which are intended to stimulate the sustainable consumption of bioenergy and, in parallel, reduce the greenhouse emissions of gas [2][3][4] are of particular relevance for the background of our research. As such, at the EU level, the stakeholders are looking at the available sources of biomass laid down for the production of bioenergy and give consideration to the environment priorities to avoid unsustainable consumption, by virtue of the principles enshrined in the circular economy model [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Impact of Bioenergy on Sustainable Economic Development

Bușu

2019

Energies

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The Solow-Swan macroeconomic model reveals the fact that the marginal capital rate of the bioenergy sector, as well as the bioenergy productivity and productivity of the resources variation, having positive values of their estimated coefficients, have the capacity of stimulating the sustainable economic development of an emerging country, such as Romania. The economic model substantiated by the correlations between the macroeconomic indicators evaluates the convergence in relation with the European Union (EU) average. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of bioenergy on sustainable economic development. The econometric analysis revealed the fact that the bioenergy productivity, the productivity of the resources and the capital productivity of the bioenergy sector have a positive and statistically significant impact on the sustainable economic development. Data was collected from The European Statistical Office and analyzed with SPSS 22 statistical software package. Quantitative methods highlight the disparities between developed and developing countries of EU in terms of bioenergy use and efficiency.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Impact of Bioenergy on Sustainable Economic Development

Bușu

2019

Energies

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“…Landfilling must be reduced close to zero. The role of energy recovery from residual MSW (that is the MSW not source separated) has been clarified later by additional documents pointing out the need of assessing carefully the viability of constructing new dedicated plants (co-combustion of Solid Recovered Fuel, SRF, in cement factories allows both energy exploitation of MSW and material recovery as ash is incorporated into the product) [3,9,11]. In this frame, the aim of the present article is to preliminarily analyse the effects that the introduction of the principles of circular economy can have on the occupational risk in the sector of MSW management.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some considerations on circular economy, municipal solid waste and occupational risk

2020

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The aim of the present article is to preliminarily analyse the effects that the introduction of the principles of circular economy can have on the occupational risk in the sector of MSW management. The chosen reference scenario concerns an Italian town that reached a very high efficiency of selective collection and where a lot of data have been generated in the last years to characterize the content of MSW. Since 2015, the town has to modify a few criteria of MSW management in order to fully comply with the vision of EU. The methodology adopted in the present article is based on the following steps. Details on the destination and material recovery were collected for each stream of MSW presently source separated: specifically, food waste and green waste, paper and cardboard, plastics, metals, glass, composite materials, textiles, expired medicaments, exhausted batteries and other. This scenario was analysed concerning new possible initiatives on source separated streams and their treatment (e.g. diapers). Moreover, additional modifications to the present approach were analysed in order to maximize material recovery, optimize energy recovery and minimize landfilling. Consequences of this re-organization of the sector have to be discussed in terms of occupational risk and economic impact.

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“…This is because even when the fuels are combusted, the CO 2 emitted is offset and captured by the biomasses that produced the materials in the first place. The concept of circular economy has a significant impact on slowing down the rate of depletion of raw materials for products and energy consumption [1], in which it replaces the concept of "end-of-life" with restoration and shifts toward the utilization of renewable energy. Among the several generations of biorefinery, the 2nd generation, i.e., using woody and herbaceous biomasses, is probably the most promising route to produce renewable energy effectively and efficiently.…”

Section: Introduction and Scope Of Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin Valorizations with Ni Catalysts for Renewable Chemicals and Fuels Productions

Chen

Guan

Tsang³

et al. 2019

Catalysts

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Energy and fuels derived from biomass pose lesser impact on the environmental carbon footprint than those derived from fossil fuels. In order for the biomass-to-energy and biomass-to-chemicals processes to play their important role in the loop of the circular economy, highly active, selective, and stable catalysts and the related efficient chemical processes are urgently needed. Lignin is the most thermal stable fraction of biomass and a particularly important resource for the production of chemicals and fuels. This mini review mainly focuses on lignin valorizations for renewable chemicals and fuels production and summarizes the recent interest in the lignin valorization over Ni and relevant bimetallic metal catalysts on various supports. Particular attention will be paid to those strategies to convert lignin to chemicals and fuels components, such as pyrolysis, hydrodeoxygenation, and hydrogenolysis. The review is written in a simple and elaborated way in order to draw chemists and engineers' attention to Ni-based catalysts in lignin valorizations and guide them in designing innovative catalytic materials based on the lignin conversion reaction.Catalysts 2019, 9, 488 2 of 39 processes to play their important role in the loop of the circular economy, first, the process must be energy efficient itself [2]. Second, according to Anastas's second principle [3], atom economy should be maximized and excess starting materials which will not be contained in the final product should be avoided. Thus, developing highly active and selective catalysts and enzymes is an urgent need. Current technology for lignocellulosic valorization includes biochemical fermentation, chemical and thermochemical methods using enzymes and metal catalysts, respectively. Thermochemical methods, including combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification, and chemical methods, such as hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), hydrogenolysis, and oxidative cleavage, have the advantages of higher throughputs due to the short reaction time, and thus are more suitable for commercialized and industrialized scale-up.Woody and herbaceous biomasses are large polymeric networks consisting of ca. 35-50% cellulose, 25-30% hemicellulose (glucomannan and glucuronoxylan), and 15-30% of lignin (macromolecular polymer networks with interconnected phenylpropane and phenol units with various formula, e.g., (C 31 H 34 O 11 ) n ) by weight. Lignin is one of the most thermal stable fractions and a particularly important resource for the production of chemicals and fuels. With careful design of the metal catalysts, either aromatic platform molecules, or fuels components such as naphthenes, can be preferentially produced in high yields and with high selectivity.Over the past decade, numerous monometallic and bimetallic metal catalysts using both precious and base metal precursors on various supports have been reported to successfully convert lignin into valuable products. Transition metals such as Ni (price = US$ 12.628/kg as of April 2019) are much more economically viable than precious metals...

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Circular economy and waste to energy

Cited by 46 publications

References 22 publications

Assessment of the Impact of Bioenergy on Sustainable Economic Development

Assessment of the Impact of Bioenergy on Sustainable Economic Development

Some considerations on circular economy, municipal solid waste and occupational risk

Lignin Valorizations with Ni Catalysts for Renewable Chemicals and Fuels Productions

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