Circular alternatives to peat in growing media: A microbiome perspective

Taparia, Tanvi; Hendrix, Ed; Nijhuis, E.H.; Boer, Wietse de; Wolf, Jan van der

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129375

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Families Helotiaceae , Piskurozymaceae, Exidiaceae or Myxotrichaceae were present in an important percentage at D00 and almost disappeared at D16. Other studies found abundance of genus Agaricus , Apiotrichum, Meliniomyces, Mycothermus, Candida and Pseudeurotium [ 28 ]. At species level (Supplementary material Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Agaricus bisporus establishment and fungicidal treatments on casing soil metataxonomy during mushroom cultivation

Martín¹,

Lavega²,

Carrasco

et al. 2022

BMC Genomics

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The cultivation of edible mushroom is an emerging sector with a potential yet to be discovered. Unlike plants, it is a less developed agriculture where many studies are lacking to optimize the cultivation. In this work we have employed high-throughput techniques by next generation sequencing to screen the microbial structure of casing soil employed in mushroom cultivation (Agaricus bisporus) while sequencing V3-V4 of the 16S rRNA gene for bacteria and the ITS2 region of rRNA for. In addition, the microbiota dynamics and evolution (bacterial and fungal communities) in peat-based casing along the process of incubation of A. bisporus have been studied, while comparing the effect of fungicide treatment (chlorothalonil and metrafenone). Statistically significant changes in populations of bacteria and fungi were observed. Microbial composition differed significantly based on incubation day, changing radically from the original communities in the raw material to a specific microbial composition driven by the A. bisporus mycelium growth. Chlorothalonil treatment seems to delay casing colonization by A. bisporus. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota appeared as the most dominant bacterial phyla. We observed a great change in the structure of the bacteria populations between day 0 and the following days. Fungi populations changed more gradually, with A. bisporus displacing the rest of the species as the cultivation cycle progresses. A better understanding of the microbial communities in the casing will hopefully allow us to increase the biological efficiency of the crop.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Agaricus bisporus establishment and fungicidal treatments on casing soil metataxonomy during mushroom cultivation

Martín¹,

Lavega²,

Carrasco

et al. 2022

BMC Genomics

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“…New materials in growing media (compost, wood or plant fibers) may support a higher microbial biomass, but they also have a higher microbial activity than peat, which leads to reduced stability [1,4]. The use of peat alternatives may require sanitary pre-treatments such as steaming, acidification or the thermal phase during composting to ensure sufficient control of weeds, pathogens and diseases [11,16]. The microbiological activity of substrates is important for stability [4] as well as for the contribution of nitrifying bacteria to nitrification [17] and the control of plant pathogens in the root environment [13].…”

Section: The Microbiome Of Growing Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, to a certain degree, blending may be effective in modifying the microbiome [15]. Strong trade-offs may occur between the productivity and disease pressure in a soilless cropping system, as this system is also governed by the microbial composition of the growing media [16]. In conclusion, knowledge of microbial biomass and microbial activity in new growing media blends may help to optimize the composition of the blend, i.e., the choice of materials and their relative proportions.…”

Section: The Microbiome Of Growing Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Growing Media Blends with Woody Green Composts: Optimizing the N Release with Organic Fertilizers and Interaction with Microbial Biomass

Vandecasteele¹,

Loo²,

Ommeslag³

et al. 2022

Agronomy

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The aim of the current study was to create a high quality growing medium blend that replaces 70 vol% peat with 40 vol% woody green compost and 30 vol% bark compost and organic fertilizers (i.e., blood meal and chitin), all locally sourced. A range of “woody composts”, i.e., green composts based on feedstock selection with mainly woody material from tree prunings, were produced for this purpose at green compost facilities. First, the woody composts were characterized chemically and biologically, including their microbial biomass and net N release. In comparison with regular green composts or vegetable, fruit and garden (VFG) waste composts, woody composts are more suitable for use in growing media due to their lower pH, EC and inorganic C content; however, the woody compost had a low N mineralization rate. Three types of composts supported a higher microbial biomass than wood fiber or bark compost. The additional mineral N release after 100 days for compost mixed with blood meal was tested for different VFG and green composts. A significantly higher additional net N release was measured for composts with higher initial mineral N concentrations (317 mg Nmin/L) as well as VFG composts (417 mg Nmin/L) than for green composts with a lower initial mineral N concentration (148 mg Nmin/L). In a last step, woody compost, bark compost, wood fiber, coir and peat were mixed in different ratios, resulting in six blends ranging from 100% peat-free to100% peat. Two batches of woody compost were compared, and the blends were mixed with blood meal or chitin. A strong effect of both the organic fertilizer and the blend composition on the mineral N release was observed, with a clear link between the microbial biomass and the net N release. There was a significant negative correlation between the net change in microbial biomass and the net N release (R = −0.85), which implies that a larger increase in microbial biomass during incubation with the organic fertilizer resulted in less N mineralization. The blends containing woody compost scored better for nitrification activity, as the NH4-N concentrations were lower in these than for the blends without woody compost. For the peat blends, no effect on the microbial biomass was observed after addition of organic fertilizers; mineral N did increase, however. Woody composts have the potential to be used in high vol% in growing media blends, but the blends still need further optimization when supplemented with organic fertilizers.

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“…As an alternative to conventional soil-improving amendments, the term 'bio-based' or 'peat-free' soil improver is attributed to the materials such as compost, mulch, and particular sludge. Furthermore, bio-based/peat-free soil improvers can contain secondary raw material derived from various waste streams (Chojnacka et al, 2020;EC, 2017;Taparia et al, 2021). Motivation to develop peat-free soilimproving amendments is based on a sustainable bioeconomy approach, also grounded in the ideas of the European Green Deal, such as moving to 'zero waste' production, resource efficiency, ensuring the quality of the environment (Awasthi et al, 2021;EC, 2019).…”

Section: Features Of Peat-free Soil Amendmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the Baltic states (Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia) are among the worldwide leaders in peat extraction (Index Mundi, 2013;Tanneberger et al, 2017), but Indonesia holds almost 25 % of the world's total tropical peatland areas (Osaki, et al, 2016;Rieley and Page, 2016;Vincevica-Gaile et al, 2021b;Xu et al, 2018). Also, studies on CO 2 emissions from peat extraction have revealed that Europe highly depends on this resource (Taparia et al, 2021;Quintero et al, 2015), nevertheless, the target of the European Green Deal is climate-neutral Europe by 2050 (EC, 2019) and it should serve as a step towards global climate change mitigation. It is the reason why at the national level, several countries are starting to reduce peat utilization and are looking for new, more sustainable substituting materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Way to Sustainable Peat-Free Soil Amendments

Vincevica-Gaile¹,

Stankeviča²,

Kļaviņš³

et al. 2021

SJA

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Increasing global population and urbanization demands enhanced food and feed crop production, but due to several reasons, the areas of fertile agricultural lands are reducing worldwide. The market of growing substrates, soil amendments, and improvers still is based on peat extraction and processing. Due to peat's fossil origin, it can be considered environmentally unfriendly and unsustainable. Seeking peat-substituting materials is of crucial importance on a global scale and may become a vitally significant assignment for future generations. The necessity for peat-free soil amendments is also directed by the targets of circular economy and environmental sustainability goals, leading to reducing or abandoning the use of fossil resources and paying attention to waste utilization as secondary raw material. This paper aims to discuss general features of peat-free soil amendments as well as provide efforts into the use of secondary raw materials such as biomass ashes for the elaboration of peat-free soil-improving products. As a case example, may serve a description of the peat-free product made by rotary drum granulation from biomass fly ashes (energy production waste) and local freshwater sediments in a mass ratio mixture of 67:100, optimally applicable for soil improvement at a rate of 50 g L -1 . Besides, regional opportunities in Indonesia and Latvia are referred. It was concluded that peat-free soil amendment elaboration can be better implemented on a regional scale after assessing agricultural needs, soil specifics, and available raw material variety applicable as ingredients in soil-improving products.

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Circular alternatives to peat in growing media: A microbiome perspective

Cited by 17 publications

References 44 publications

Influence of Agaricus bisporus establishment and fungicidal treatments on casing soil metataxonomy during mushroom cultivation

Influence of Agaricus bisporus establishment and fungicidal treatments on casing soil metataxonomy during mushroom cultivation

Sustainable Growing Media Blends with Woody Green Composts: Optimizing the N Release with Organic Fertilizers and Interaction with Microbial Biomass

On the Way to Sustainable Peat-Free Soil Amendments

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