Circuitry of Primate Prefrontal Cortex and Regulation of Behavior by Representational Memory

Goldman‐Rakic, Patricia S.

doi:10.1002/cphy.cp010509

Cited by 1,472 publications

(1,396 citation statements)

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“…The dorsal ACC and mPFC are heavily interconnected with each other and with the posterior parietal lobe (Goldman-Rakic, 1987), reflecting their role in the spatiotemporal organization of behavior. Moreover, both regions have strong connections with the hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex (Goldman-Rakic, 1987), which may provide the anatomical basis for the observed functional coupling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural mechanisms supporting the extraction of general knowledge across episodic memories

et al. 2014

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oGeneral knowledge acquisition entails the extraction of statistical regularities from the environment. At high levels of complexity, this may involve the extraction, and consolidation, of associative regularities across event memories. The underlying neural mechanisms would likely involve a hippocampo-neocortical dialog, as proposed previously for system-level consolidation. To test these hypotheses, we assessed possible differences in consolidation between associative memories containing cross-episodic regularities and unique associative memories. Subjects learned face-location associations, half of which responded to complex regularities regarding the combination of facial features and locations, whereas the other half did not. Importantly, regularities could only be extracted over hippocampus-encoded, associative aspects of the items. Memory was assessed both immediately after encoding and 48 h later, under fMRI acquisition. Our results suggest that processes related to system-level reorganization occur preferentially for regular associations across episodes. Moreover, the buildup of general knowledge regarding regular associations appears to involve the coordinated activity of the hippocampus and mediofrontal regions. The putative cross-talk between these two regions might support a mechanism for regularity extraction. These findings suggest that the consolidation of cross-episodic regularities may be a key mechanism underlying general knowledge acquisition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural mechanisms supporting the extraction of general knowledge across episodic memories

et al. 2014

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“…Some locate maintenance functions in posterior (parietal) regions of the brain, assigning the PFC a mediator role in controlling the information stored in those posterior areas (Knight & D'Esposito, 2003;Postle & Rypma, 2000;Curtis & D'Esposito, 2003;Postle, 2006). Others, in contrast, hypothesize dorsolateral regions to also reflect maintenance of online sensory representations per se (Cohen, Perlstein, Braver, Nystrom, Noll, Jonides, & Smith, 1997;Goldman-Rakic, 1987). …”

Section: The Prefrontal Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of brain activity underlying working memory for music in a naturalistic condition

Burunat

Alluri

Toiviainen

et al. 2014

Cortex

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Sivumäärä -Number of pages 70Tiivistelmä -Abstract Working memory (WM) is at the core of any cognitive function as it is necessary for the integration of information over time. Despite WM's critical role in high-level cognitive functions, its implementation in the neural tissue is poorly understood. Preliminary studies on auditory WM show differences between linguistic and musical memory, leading to the speculation of specific neural networks encoding memory for music. Moreover, in neuroscience WM has not been studied in naturalistic listening conditions but rather in artificial settings (e.g., n-back and Sternberg tasks). Western tonal music provides naturally occurring motivic repetition and variation, recognizable units serving as WM trigger, thus allowing us to study the phenomenon of motif-tracking in the context of real music. Adopting a modern tango as stimulus, behavioural methods were used to identify the stimulus motifs and build a time-course predictor of WM neural responses. This predictor was then correlated with the participants' functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal obtained during a continuous listening condition. Neural correlates related to the sensory processing of a set of musical features were filtered out from the brain responses to music to aid in the exclusive recruitment of executive processes of music-related WM. Correlational analysis revealed a widely distributed network of cortical and subcortical areas, predominantly right-lateralized, responding to the WM condition, including ventral and dorsal areas in the prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and limbic areas. Significant subcortical processing areas, active in response to the WM condition, were pruned with the removal of the acoustic content, suggesting these music-related perceptual processing areas might aid in the encoding and retrieval of WM. The pattern of dispersed neural activity indicates WM to emerge coherently from the integration of distributed neural activity spread out over different brain subsystems (motoric-, cognitive-and sensory-related areas of the brain).Asiasanat -Keywords working memory; cognitive neuroscience; music; musical motifs; functional magnetic resonance imaging ( Lashley was attempting to identify the locus of memory within the cortex, and, to do so, first trained rats to run mazes, and then removed various cortical regions. He allowed the animals to recover and tested the retention of the maze-running skills. To his surprise it was not possible to find a particular region corresponding to the ability to remember the way through a maze. Instead all the rats which had had cortex regions removed suffered some kind of impairment, and the extent of the impairment was roughly proportional to the amount of cortex taken off. Removing cortex damaged the motor and sensory capacities of the animals, and they would limp, hop, roll, or stagger, but somehow they always managed to traverse the maze. So far as memory 'as concerned, the cortex appeared to be equipotential, that is, with all regions of eq...

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“…In early research, Goldman-Rakic (1987 proposed that one could fractionate functions of the PFC on the basis of differential subregional contributions. She suggested that the main function of the PFC is to support working memory defined as a specialized process by which a remembered stimulus is held on line to guide behavior in the absence of external cues.…”

Section: Working Memory (Short-term Memory)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiological foundations of an attribute model of memory

Kesner¹

2013

CCBR

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Memory is a complex phenomenon due to a large number of potential interactions that are associated with the organization of memory at the psychological and neural system level. In this review article a tripartite, multiple attribute, multiple process memory model with different forms of memory and its neurobiological underpinnings is represented in terms of the nature, structure or content of information representation as a set of different attributes including language, time, place, response, reward value (affect) and visual object as an example of sensory-perception. For each attribute, information is processed in the event-based, knowledge-based, and rule-based memory systems through multiple operations that involve multiple neural underpinnings. Of the many processes associated with the event-based memory system, the emphasis will be placed on short-term or working memory and pattern separation. Of the many processes associated with the knowledgebased memory system, the emphasis will be placed on perceptual processes. Of the many processes associated with the rule-based memory system the emphasis will be on short-term or working memory and paired associate learning. For all three systems data will be presented to demonstrate differential neuroanatomical mediation and where available parallel results will be presented in rodents, monkeys and humans.

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Circuitry of Primate Prefrontal Cortex and Regulation of Behavior by Representational Memory

Cited by 1,472 publications

References 323 publications

Neural mechanisms supporting the extraction of general knowledge across episodic memories

Neural mechanisms supporting the extraction of general knowledge across episodic memories

Dynamics of brain activity underlying working memory for music in a naturalistic condition

Neurobiological foundations of an attribute model of memory

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