Circuit-Switching Fundamentals

JoelJr., A. E.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-4439-1_1

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 12 publications

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“…When the network is too busy and a call cannot be completed, the call is said to be blocked. Blocking delay, rather than the time it takes for the call to actually travel through the network (transmission delay), limits network performance for circuit switched networks [2]. In packet switching, our telephone call is divided up into smaller segments called packets and is sent through the network.…”

Section: Key Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

ISDN: State of the ART

ATLANTA¹

1990

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Section: Key Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

ISDN: State of the ART

ATLANTA¹

1990

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Integrated voice/data switching

Messerschmitt

1988

IEEE Commun. Mag.

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H istorically, voice and data communications have been handled by different communication networks. For example, the primary carrier for voice has been the public switched telephone network whereas data has been handled for the most part by specialized data networks. One reason has been the traditional separation between voice and data applications. Consider a person speaking on the telephone and then sending an electronic message from a computer terminal. The two actions are handled by separate instruments and are perceived as serving separate purposes. Telephony permits immediate, personal, and interactive contact; data messages allow for more pre-meditated, formal, and non-interactive communication. A tremendous need for a unified treatment of voice and data has not existed, so separate special-purpose communication networks have been largely satisfactory.Another reason for different networks is the fundamentally different characteristics of voice and data signals. Voice is inherently a real-time, analog signal generated by human speakers. Voice signal characteristics, such as spectral density and average activity, are wellknown and consistent between different speakers. On the other hand, most data is machine-generated and digital. Data characteristics, such as bit rate and message length, vary widely depending on the particular application.Interest in "integrating" voice and data communications has been stimulated recently by deregulation of the U.S. telephone industry and international activities in planning the standards for the Integrated Services Digital Network, or ISDN [ 1-31. ISDN will be a worldwide digital network offering a wide range of voice and data services based on 64 kbits/s channels. Although ISDN will most likely be comprised of logically separate networks as shown in Figure l , it will provide subscribers with the functionality of a single, integrated network by offering a standardized, integrated user access to services [4].Offering voice and data services in a single network promises several benefits. Users achieve convenience, flexibility, and economy. An integrated user interface allows different terminal equipment to be moved and plugged into any interface in the same way that different electrical appliances can use any standard electrical power outlet. Furthermore, services can be customized to individual needs without having to be concerned with the compatibility of different special-purpose networks. For network providers, integration promises benefits in efficiency and economy. Sharing facilities not only increases efficiency, but should also simplify network operations and maintenance, items which will quickly become very complex in a non-integrated network with a proliferation of new services. Reduced network costs should result in lower service prices to users.

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Circuit-Switching Fundamentals

Cited by 2 publications

References 12 publications

ISDN: State of the ART

ISDN: State of the ART

Integrated voice/data switching

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